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Nat Biotechnol:工程化人类结肠组织模型或助力癌症研究

2016-07-13 佚名 生物谷

遗传突变是引发癌症的主要原因,而追踪癌症发病机制中每个基因所扮演的角色或许是抵御疾病发生的重要工具,癌症每年都会引发160多万人死亡。很多年前,科学家们开发了一种正向遗传学(forward genetics)的方法,即将信息插入到果蝇基因组中来鉴别哪种遗传改变会诱发疾病发生,然而截止到目前为止,在人类器官中进行相同类型的研究似乎是不可能的,但近日来自康奈尔大学及威尔康奈尔医学院的研究人员在Natu

遗传突变是引发癌症的主要原因,而追踪癌症发病机制中每个基因所扮演的角色或许是抵御疾病发生的重要工具,癌症每年都会引发160多万人死亡。

很多年前,科学家们开发了一种正向遗传学(forward genetics)的方法,即将信息插入到果蝇基因组中来鉴别哪种遗传改变会诱发疾病发生,然而截止到目前为止,在人类器官中进行相同类型的研究似乎是不可能的,但近日来自康奈尔大学及威尔康奈尔医学院的研究人员在Nature Biotechnology杂志上发表了题为“A recellularized human colon model identifies cancer driver genes”的研究论文,文章中,研究者利用了组织工程学的方法对人类组织进行了正向遗传学的筛查。

研究者Samuel B. Eckert教授说道,你并不能在人类组织中很好地进行试验,因此拥有一种人类系统似乎是一种相当强大的技术,该系统将可以帮助我们在受控环境下观察每一种遗传特性的改变。文章中我们通过剔除来自正常人类结肠组织的细胞开发出了一种人类结肠模型,同时该模型保留了大部分的细胞粘附分子,这样研究者就可以将结肠镜检查的病人样本和商品化来源的细胞直接注入结肠组织模型中。

研究者Shuler表示,我们真正想要做的就是提供一种微观环境来使得系统中的基因得以合适表达,随后利用20世纪90年代开发的将特殊DNA序列插入到基因组中的特殊技术(“睡美人”转座子(sleeping beauty transposon)),我们就能够追踪结肠模型内部所发生的遗传改变情况,而这同典型的早期结直肠癌(CRC)的发病状况是基本相一致的。

进一步进行检测,研究者发现,新型的结肠组织模型能够复制结直肠癌进展的关键特性,研究者共鉴别出了38个驱动疾病的基因,其中包括6个此前认为和CRC进展并无关联的基因。这种新型的结肠模型可以为研究者们提供集体内部CRC进展的精确模板,其可以给予我们一种基于人类机体的系统来对恶性结肠癌发病的关键阶段进行特征的描述。

研究者Nancy Jenkins指出,这种毫米尺度的模型可以提供主要的组织相关性元件,包括复杂的结构、细胞基质的相互作用以及多种类型的分化细胞。未来该技术在满足癌症研究的需求上或许还有很长一段路要走,当然这种人类结肠模型的建立可以帮助我们鉴别哪些在肿瘤转移早期阶段机体突变的基因,我们希望对肿瘤转移遗传特性更好地理解可以帮助开发更为精准的分子靶向疗法或者新型的结肠癌疗法标志物。

未来研究者们或将通过更为深入的研究来改善当前的结直肠癌组织模型,并且研究该模型和人类免疫系统的关联,同时研究者还将利用这种新型模型调查疾病发生的晚期阶段,以及细胞从更结肠组织迁移到其它组织中(肝脏)引发的一些疾病。

原始出处

Huanhuan Joyce Chen, Zhubo Wei, Jian Sun, Asmita Bhattacharya, David J Savage, Rita Serda, Yuri Mackeyev, Steven A Curley, Pengcheng Bu, Lihua Wang, Shuibing Chen, Leona Cohen-Gould, Emina Huang, Xiling Shen, Steven M Lipkin, Neal G Copeland, Nancy A Jenkins & Michael L Shuler.A recellularized human colon model identifies cancer driver genes.Nat Biotechnol.2016

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    2016-07-14 liye789132251
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    2017-02-05 shock_melon
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    2016-08-10 sunylz
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    2016-09-14 cathymary
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