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Nature:线粒体钙稳态机制被揭密,有望成为心脏疾病治疗新靶点

2017-04-29 MedSci MedSci原创

科学界一致认为线粒体的钙离子输送量是心脏工作强度,或是由能量带动的心脏跳动强度的重要衡量指标。天普大学Lewis Katz医学院(LKSOM)和其他机构的科学家们已经鉴定了在压力条件下的线粒体钙离子途径。但是他们仍有一个疑问:线粒体的钙离子稳态是否也是正常心脏功能的必要条件?如今,利用新研制出的突变老鼠模型,John W. Elrod副教授的科学家团队证实了Slc8b1基因(线粒体钠钙交换体)或称

科学界一致认为线粒体的钙离子输送量是心脏工作强度,或是由能量带动的心脏跳动强度的重要衡量指标。天普大学Lewis Katz医学院(LKSOM)和其他机构的科学家们已经鉴定了在压力条件下的线粒体钙离子途径。但是他们仍有一个疑问:线粒体的钙离子稳态是否也是正常心脏功能的必要条件?

如今,利用新研制出的突变老鼠模型,John W. Elrod副教授的科学家团队证实了Slc8b1基因(线粒体钠钙交换体)或称作mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger,NCLX,能够影响心脏的正常功能,缺失NCLX动物多会立即死亡,仅13%动物能存活两周。这项首次使用活体动物进行线粒体钙离子流出实验的研究成果被报道于4月26日的《Nature》杂志。该研究证实了线粒体中钙离子的流失严重影响心脏功能,代表着一个强有力的改善心脏病的治疗方法。

线粒体钙离子交换,即钙离子在负责能量生产的细胞器中流进流出,这种活动对细胞的死亡和需用能量推进的信号通路都是最基本的要素。“在前期的实验中我们发现,抑制钙离子的摄取,能导致心脏压力反应的丧失,”Elrod解释道。“我们发现,在压力胁迫下,心脏线粒体需要摄取钙离子来加强心动力,然而过多的钙离子摄取也会诱发心脏细胞死亡。如今在没有压力干扰的情况下,动物正常心脏功能实验结果,暗示了一条独立的、钙离子信号自我平衡的基础机制。”

为了规避其他可能存在的线粒体钙离子吸收途径,Elrod和同事们构建了一种条件型基因敲除小鼠模型,NCLX基因仅在用三苯氧胺(tamoxifen)药物处理后方被敲除,这使得基因敲除小鼠可以活到成年。“通过删掉NCLX,我们能确定线粒体外排的重要性,”Elrod说。

当成年小鼠的NCLX突然关闭后,小鼠立即死于心脏衰竭。检查死亡小鼠的心肌细胞,发现了肿胀和功能障碍的线粒体,并且线粒体通透性转换孔(mitochondrial permeability transition pore ,MPTP)被激活了,该指标曾被证实是钙离子超载导致细胞死亡的标志。

通过基因操纵抑制MPTP的活化,能拯救NCLX基因敲除型小鼠的猝死症状,维持了心脏内部线粒体钙离子交换的自然平衡。

Elrod和同事们使用基因技术手段,还探索了NCLX过表达的情况。正如预期所料,过表达NCLX增加了线粒体钙离子的外流,防止了心脏病发作小鼠的细胞死亡现象,并通过减少活性氧的产生和限制心肌细胞纤维化(组织硬化)和死亡起到了阻止心力衰竭的作用。

“靶向NCLX的心肌细胞死亡挽救实验,被证明是有效的,”Elrod博士说。“我们的研究结果表明,细胞内线粒体钙离子疏导是一种有希望的治疗靶点,很有可能缓解心脏功能性疾病的不可逆转的严重症状。”
 
原始出处:


Luongo TS, Lambert JP, Gross P, Nwokedi M, Lombardi AA, Shanmughapriya S, Carpenter AC, Kolmetzky D, Gao E, van Berlo JH, Tsai EJ, Molkentin JD, Chen X, Madesh M, Houser SR, Elrod JW.The mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is essential for Ca2+ homeostasis and viability. Nature. 2017 Apr 26. doi: 10.1038/nature22082  

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    2017-07-19 liye789132251
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    2017-07-14 changfy
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    2017-05-01 lsndxfj
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    2017-04-29 jin321

    学习

    0

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