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JAMA:减轻空气污染可显著减少儿童支气管炎症状

2016-04-13 MedSci MedSci原创

儿童支气管炎的症状是很重要的公共和临床健康问题,对社会产生了极大的疾病负担。而空气污染物是导致支气管炎发生的重要危险因素。本研究旨在确定南加利福尼亚环境空气质量的改善是否与儿童支气管炎症状的减少有关。

儿童支气管炎的症状是很重要的公共和临床健康问题,对社会产生了极大的疾病负担。而空气污染物是导致支气管炎发生的重要危险因素。本研究旨在确定南加利福尼亚环境空气质量的改善是否与儿童支气管炎症状的减少有关。

采用纵向研究设计,共纳入了来自1993-2001年、1996-2004年以及2003-2012年的3个研究队列的4602名儿童(年龄5-18岁),涉及了南加利福尼亚的8个社区。使用多层次逻辑模型评估空气污染程度的变化与支气管炎症状之间的关联。

测量二氧化氮、臭氧以及空气中悬浮的直径小于10µm和直径小于2.5µm颗粒物的平均浓度。

校正年龄后,根据父母或儿童自述3个月中每日咳嗽、呼吸不顺及咳痰的状况(伴有感冒或支气管炎时除外)来估计所有研究对象在过去12个月中支气管炎症状的患病率。

所纳入的研究对象中,2268名(49.3%)为女性,2081名(45.2%)为西班牙裔白人,这些儿童已完成至少两次的年度问卷。

调查研究发现,其中892名(19.4%)儿童在10岁时发生过哮喘。从二氧化氮方面来看,支气管炎症状的比值比在哮喘患者10岁时为0.79,平均减少4.9 ppb,绝对患病率降低了10.1%;从臭氧来看,比值比则为0.66,平均减少3.6 ppb,绝对患病率下降了16.3%;从PM10来看,OR为0.61,平均减少5.8µg/m3,绝对患病率下降了18.7%;从PM2.5来看,比值比为0.68,平均减少6.8 µg/m3,绝对患病率降低了15.4%。

对于未发生哮喘的 3710名儿童来说,比值比则分别为0.84(二氧化氮)、0.85(臭氧)、0.80(PM10)和0.79(PM2.5);绝对患病率降低分别为1.8%(二氧化氮)、1.7%(臭氧)、2.2%( PM10)和2.3%(PM2.5)。儿童15岁时这种关联的强度类似或稍强一些。

总而言之,该研究发现,环境污染程度的降低与儿童支气管炎症状的显著下降有关。虽然该研究设计并没有为二者的关联建立因果关系,但是其研究结果支持减少空气污染有益于哮喘的控制。

原始出处:

Kiros Berhane, Chih-Chieh Chang, et al., Association of Changes in Air Quality With Bronchitic Symptoms in Children in California, 1993-2012. JAMA. 2016;315(14):1491-1501.doi:10.1001/jama.2016.3444.

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    高大上了

    0

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    2016-04-14 Lisa971

    环境对呼吸系统影响很大。

    0

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    2016-04-13 yilibaisha

    练就百毒不侵

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1892045, encodeId=dda81892045e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b445e1232d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#支气管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57123, encryptionId=1b445e1232d, topicName=支气管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f503121, createdName=zjubiostat, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 02:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472498, encodeId=d59a14e24983e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba4a6436107' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#污染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64361, encryptionId=ba4a6436107, topicName=污染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dfe67217539, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Fri Apr 15 02:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77906, encodeId=3138e790655, content=高大上了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=151, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 17:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77755, encodeId=654ae77556e, content=环境对呼吸系统影响很大。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 00:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77693, encodeId=9e4ee7693fe, content=练就百毒不侵, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=205, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuqOuvZLWMJ8yAVHKNPBSKWLKHx7ibIhutJv2OfnTK9MQH5jpicpw5EJTmD0M0q2wOG3CZO9wTxa9A/132, createdBy=75561684788, createdName=yilibaisha, createdTime=Wed Apr 13 17:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=77673, encodeId=7a4fe767373, content=天天吸霾,强大的肺, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Wed Apr 13 15:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-13 xiaotaiyang1

    天天吸霾,强大的肺

    0

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