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多位院士表示:肿瘤防治 国外的月亮没比国内圆

2018-04-15 杨瑞静 健康界

“癌症患者选择出国看病,认为国外的癌症治疗水平更高,这是一个误区。”4月15日,中国科学院院士、中国医学科学院肿瘤医院院长赫捷在“2018年全国肿瘤防治宣传周”活动期间举行的肿瘤防控院士高峰论坛上如是表示。近年来,不少癌症患者选择出国看病。他们认为,在国外能获得更好的治疗效果。对于这一认识误区,赫捷的观点还得到了另一位与会院士的赞同。中国工程院院士孙燕说:“我可以很明确地说,国内外没有什么差距。

“癌症患者选择出国看病,认为国外的癌症治疗水平更高,这是一个误区。”

4月15日,中国科学院院士、中国医学科学院肿瘤医院院长赫捷在“2018年全国肿瘤防治宣传周”活动期间举行的肿瘤防控院士高峰论坛上如是表示。

近年来,不少癌症患者选择出国看病。他们认为,在国外能获得更好的治疗效果。

对于这一认识误区,赫捷的观点还得到了另一位与会院士的赞同。中国工程院院士孙燕说:“我可以很明确地说,国内外没有什么差距。甚至在某些癌症的治疗效果上,中国要优于其他国家。”

乔布斯为何选择来中国治疗

有数据显示,在选择出国看病的患者中,国外医生对国内治疗方案作出调整和修改的,高达60%。这其中很多是因为药物的原因。

“不可否认的是,在研究新药方面,我国和发达国家还有一定差距。很多有效的抗癌药,我国都需要依靠进口。但最终否选择出国看病,关键还要看病种。”中国工程院院士林东昕说。

对于一些罕见、少见的癌症,国外的临床研究要先进一些。而类似于食管癌、鼻癌等癌症,国内的治疗水平更先进。孙燕提到,“国内患者选择出国看病,同时也有很多国外癌症患者来中国求诊,乔布斯就曾到医科院肿瘤医院接受治疗。由于国内医生接触了大量的病例,积累了丰富的经验,对某些癌症的治疗水平,是超过国外的。”赫捷也表示,中国一名年轻医生一年的手术量,几乎是一些国外医生一辈子的手术量。通过每天接触大量病人,医生的临床经验是会不断积累的。

赫捷还介绍了肿瘤医院的两位“亲戚”:一位是位于休斯顿的MD安德森癌症中心,属于全美排名第一的癌症专科医院,是中国医学科学院的姐妹医院;而闻名全球的梅奥诊所,被评为美国最好的医院,也是中国医学科学院的兄弟医院。

能和这两所国际级的医院“称兄道弟”,可以表明中国医科院肿瘤医院在肿瘤治疗技术上,完全是可以和他们平起平坐的。

三分之一的癌症是可以预防

目前 ,我国恶性肿瘤新发病例数380.4万例,相当于平均每天超过1万人被确诊为癌症,每分钟有7个人被确诊为癌症。从中美癌症治愈率对比来看:国内整体癌症5年生存率只有30.9%,而美国是66%,相差一倍以上。

为什么我国的肿瘤患者越来越多?中国工程院院士程书钧表示,肿瘤的发生与衰老密切相关,是生命进化过程中的一种现象,也是人衰老过程中的自然选择。随着社会的老龄化,肿瘤患者也会逐渐增多。

除了老龄化社会的发展,国民生活方式的改变也让肿瘤患者数量居高不下。据2018年全国最新癌症报告显示,按发病例数排位,肺癌位居全国发病首位,胃癌紧随其后。

胃癌,是一种和饮食习惯密切相关的疾病。“越来越多的城市居民开始习惯西方的饮食方式,喜欢高脂肪、高热量的食物。这些生活方式的改变,促使胃癌发病率增高。我们应该保留中国优秀的传统饮食方式。”程书钧说。

世界卫生组织曾经提出,三分之一的癌症是完全可以预防。那么,这个三分之一指哪些疾病呢?

程书钧介绍说,“跟感染性相关的肿瘤完全可以早期干预,比如人类乳头状病毒和宫颈癌、乙肝病毒感染和肝癌、幽门螺杆菌感染和胃癌,通过保持个人卫生和健康生活方式,接种疫苗,可以避免感染相关细菌和病毒,从而预防癌症的发生。”

与其谈癌色变,不如提早预防。赫捷建议:可以通过三级预防进行防控,一级预防是病因预防,减少外界不良因素的损害;二级预防是早期发现,早期诊断,早期治疗;三级预防是改善生活质量, 延长生存时间。

基因检测不是万能的

癌症是世界性的医学难题,目前的医疗技术攻克癌症尚需时日。

近年来,靶向治疗由于针对性强、副作用小而受到临床追捧。据孙燕介绍,“根据病人的基因突变,医生决定用特定的药物治疗。靶向治疗在肺癌的治疗中,已经成为一种有效的治疗手段。”

到目前为止,已知有阳性意义基因突变的肺癌患者,已经达到非小细胞肺癌患者总数的70%。这意味着将有70%的非小细胞肺癌患者可以通过基因检测找到对应的靶向药物,从而延长生存周期,提高生活质量。

然而,靶向药物效果虽好,但并非对人人都有效。这是因为不同患者携带的突变基因存在差异,因此用药前应该通过基因检测。基因诊断能够帮助肿瘤医生针对不同分子变异类型的病人,选择适合他们的治疗方案,从而实行靶向药物治疗。

除此之外,基因检测技术在癌症的预防上也有一定的应用。“肿瘤被认为是环境因素和遗传因素长期作用下的结果。很多肿瘤细胞都伴随着特征性的基因变异,通过基因检测,可以帮助我们了解自身患某种癌症的风险,为预防和治疗癌症提供帮助。”林东昕同时指出,基因检测要成为一种癌症初筛的有效手段,仍需做大量工作。

癌症是一个多步骤、多阶段的长期过程,即使发生基因突变,影响着癌症发生的因素还有很多。“基因检测只能告诉我们是否具有与癌症相关的基因变异。有,不一定代表会患癌;没有,也不代表就不会患癌。加上基因测序技术目前仍较为前沿,在解读结果方面还不是非常全面。因此在中国和美国,对普通人的全基因测序已经被叫停。”孙燕特别提到,并不建议普通人群进行全基因检测。

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    学习学习学习

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    2018-04-17 易水河

    迷信无所不在啊

    0

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    2018-04-16 雅文博武

    学习了很多先进的医学知识

    0

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    2018-04-16 yfjms

    学习

    0

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    2018-04-16 一米阳光的温暖

    学习

    0

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