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世界口腔洗牙机器人诞生 牙齿治疗更精准安全

2017-09-21 沙琼 环球网

此技术的应用将会大大改善患者洗牙时的舒适度,而且让牙齿治疗更精准安全。

每年的9月20日是全国爱牙日,现代人也越来越关注口腔健康,定期洗牙成为保持口腔健康的必要方法,但对于很多人来说,洗牙是一种难以名状的痛苦体验,不过未来你或许不用再恐惧洗牙了。中国人民解放军总医院(301医院)张海钟教授联合北京大学刘立教授、宁波智能机器人制造产业研究院甘中学教授等多家科研院所首次成功发明了一种用于口腔洗牙的机器人系统,此技术的应用将会大大改善患者洗牙时的舒适度,而且让牙齿治疗更精准安全。

据张海钟教授解释,在当前的口腔及牙科治疗中,医生需要长时间保持低头弯腰的体位来进行观察和操作,同时在治疗过程中口水和血液飞溅,近距离的观察存在医患交叉感染的风险。而且目前患者都是躺在口腔治疗椅上,在洗牙过程中患者常出现呛咳现象,医生若有不慎可造成治疗针坠入患者口内,甚至坠入气管,危及生命。

为了解决这些问题,中国人民解放军总医院(301医院)联合多家科研院所于国内外首次成功发明了一种用于口腔和牙科治疗的机器人系统,作为口腔和牙科治疗的集成化装置,这种机器人系统能够完成多种类型的口腔和牙科治疗,现已荣获一项实用新型专利和一项国家发明专利,经国家知识产权局检索,目前国内外均无此类用于洗牙的机器人。



此款机器人曾在世界机器人大会上展出并现场演示操作(图1)

这种新型的口腔治疗机器人操作系统到底长啥样呢?张海钟教授介绍,此机器人系统包括控制台、座椅装置、机器人和导航装置(图2)。医师坐在控制台前,不与患者直接接触,根据治疗的需要选择合适的操作程序,在三维视觉系统、导航系统协助下,通过操控手柄来控制机械手臂进行各种口腔和牙科治疗。



图2机器人系统示意图

目前国内外尚未报道有同类用于洗牙等牙科治疗的机器人系统,而与传统口腔综合治疗椅相比,独特的座椅装置不仅可以降低患者呛水、坠针的风险,缓解患者的紧张情绪,还设有急停开关键,能让患者在感觉不适时迅速安全地暂停治疗,凸显人性化;医生可以保持一个舒适的体位坐在远离患者的控制台前操作,甚至在其他城市通过网络操作机器人,这样既保护了医生,又促进了远程医疗的发展;而机械手上的摄像装置和力学传感器,不仅使医生清楚地看到患者口内的立体影像,还能把握治疗中的力度和范围,实现口腔和牙科的精准治疗。

此外,机器人手臂上可快速替换多种治疗器械,如用于去龋、备洞、牙冠预备的高速钻头;用于根管治疗的各类针、锉;用于口腔洁治的超声洁牙机头;甚至换上激光扫描仪,对已备好的牙进行扫描,在CAD/CAM设备上快速制作义齿。

经过一年多的基础研究、设计研发后,目前该型机器人系统已进入样机试制阶段,已经制作出了原型机,并进行了实验研究。

我国医疗机器人起步较晚,机器人治疗应用面与国际应用水平尚存在距离。因此,研发这类用于口腔及牙齿治疗的智能机器人系统潜力极大,其将大大提高我国医疗智能机器人水平,提升我国口腔及牙齿治疗水平,造福广大患者。

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    2017-09-23 xue8602
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    2017-09-23 zhouqu_8
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