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警惕!致命的咽喉痛——心梗,不容忽视!

2017-07-03 唐春平(心脏科) 江苏省人民医院耳鼻咽喉科微信号

有一种致命的咽喉痛——冠心病。而这经常是容易被漏诊的疾病,而且一旦漏诊,常常可能带来致命的威胁。


有一种致命的咽喉痛——冠心病。而这经常是容易被漏诊的疾病,而且一旦漏诊,常常可能带来致命的威胁。

我们都知道,典型的冠心病症状为活动后胸痛,多位于心前区或胸骨后,呈压榨样,可伴有出汗、肩背部不适,每次持续数分钟至数十分钟,休息或含服硝酸甘油可缓解。这是每个医生、甚至许多病人都知道的症状,但是很多时候,病人的表现常常极不典型。记得上学的时候,有个老主任给我们上冠心病这一课的时候,曾经说过这样一句话“下巴以下、肚脐以上,所有与活动相关或者你无法解释的症状,请千万考虑冠心病的可能”,这么多年的工作,我切实的把这句话实践了一遍。今天我们来讲讲咽痛。

病例一:

记得那时候我还在急诊工作,一天早上来了个病人,主诉“反复咽痛半月余,加重1天”。其实这种情况,一般看门诊就行了,一来没有什么急诊症状,二来急诊内科无法做耳鼻喉科专科检查,但是病人因为赶时间,看门诊病人太多,所以来看了急诊(这也是目前国内急诊现状,很多病人都是类似这种理由看了急诊,而不是因为真正的急诊病症,导致目前急诊常常人满为患,也因为这个原因,导致一些真正的急诊病人因为需要排队、无法得到及时的治疗。但这个病人真的做对了,请看下文)。其实我是不太愿意接诊此类病人的,因为总觉得没有急诊指证,但病人来了,还是需要认真对待的。以下为我和患者的对话经过:

我:怎么啦?(初步问诊)

病人:嗓子疼。

我:多久了?

病人:半个月了。

我:什么情况下疼?

病人:一吹风就疼。

我:怎么吹风的,能详细讲讲吗?

病人:我每天早上骑车上班,上了清凉门桥后,风一吹,我就感觉嗓子疼,咽喉发紧,过一会就好了。

我:最近怎么加重了?

病人:昨天早上也是这样,但是不知道怎么回事,昨天到今天一直有点嗓子不舒服。

接下来我又问了一些情况:病人反映无发热,无咳嗽,无胸闷,无胸痛,无高血压糖尿病史,但有吸烟史,每天半包至一包。然后做了简单的查体(如血压,心肺听诊),在诊间为患者做了心电图,结果就是:广泛前壁心肌梗死......

诊断及时,预后良好。本人表示,满头冷汗。

病例二:

这个病人其实没什么,主诉就是“活动后咽部紧缩感一周”,是我们本院同事带过来看的急诊,理由同上,白天没时间,晚上来看急诊。⊙﹏⊙汗。有高血压及吸烟史,其他没什么危险因素。当时他一说症状我就怀疑心绞痛,我们同事还不信呢!然后心电图一查,前壁导联ST段压低(缺血表现),住院后造影,前降支近中段次全闭塞,手术医生形容“一线天”。一个支架搞定,术后症状完全消失。

病例三:

这是让人印象特别深刻的一个病人,为什么呢?因为这是我从医这么多年,心肺复苏最成功的一个。说说这个病人吧。

男性,40多岁(具体年龄及情况不太记得了),因为咽痛在耳鼻咽喉科门诊就诊一个多月,曾做过喉镜(见咽喉部略充血),经过治疗,效果不理想。因为症状加重伴有气短,后来至呼吸科门诊就诊,医生建议做心电图,在去做心电图的过程中,突发意识丧失,呼之不应,判断心跳呼吸骤停,由门诊紧急转入急诊。

记得当时正值下午5点半,大家在交接班,白班及晚班医生都在。看到这个病人,大家立刻开始抢救。病人入抢救室时无自动呼吸、无自主心跳、瞳孔散大,无对光反射。立即给予高质量心肺复苏,开放静脉通道,心电监护,辅助通气(尽管我现在已经离开了急诊,但真心为有这样一个高素质的急诊团队骄傲)。

当时心电监护就是室颤,立刻给予点击复律,后恢复自主心律,但心率慢、血压低,应用药物对症处理后,心率恢复,但严重心源性休克,低血压,无自主呼吸,瞳孔散大,无对光反射。查心电图考虑广泛前壁心肌梗死(这个过程说起来好像很简单,但真正经历过的人都知道,整个抢救过程的紧张及惊险程度,真正的争分夺秒,步步危机,对病人而言,时间就是生命)。以当时的情况,考虑患者冠心病,急性广泛前壁心梗,心跳呼吸骤停,心源性休克。到了这个地步,预后肯定不好,而且有很大的可能会进一步恶化、夺走患者的生命。另一种可能就是因为大脑长时间的缺氧成为植物人。

守护生命真的是所有医生的职责,在这个病人身上再次得到了充分体现。为了这个病人,我整夜没有合眼,不断地调整补液量、调整升压药、调整呼吸机,尽管觉得希望不大,但总想着即便有一分希望,我们也应该尽万分的努力,总觉得应该会有奇迹发生,而且真的奇迹发生了!大约到了下半夜,患者的血压首先渐渐稳定了,然后渐渐地出现了自主呼吸,在不断的观察中,发现瞳孔也有了缩小的迹象,一切表明情况在向好的方向发展。后来这个病人转入了ICU,后来又做了支架手术,后来走着出院了。

这使我从医10多年心肺复苏最成功的一个案例,每次讲心肺复苏课程,我都会讲到这个病例。关于心肺复苏,我想说一句”不放弃,不抛弃”,我们是病人最后的依托、最后的依靠,尽管很多时候,我们在死亡面前,会感觉到我们的乏力、我们的渺小,但只有我们坚持了成功的信念,才能获得更多的抢救成功。

病例四:

我喜欢跟耳鼻咽喉科医生讲上面的病例,因为,这种病例真的在耳鼻咽喉科很容易被漏诊。下面的这个病例就是一个耳鼻咽喉科医生发现的,感谢田主任!

病人是一个60余岁老年女性,因为咽部不适,首诊于耳鼻咽喉科门诊,由我们耳鼻咽喉科田主任接诊,经过问诊及查体后,感觉病人的主诉症状严重度与咽喉部查体不符合(病人主诉症状很重,但咽喉部查体未发现明显异常),之前听我说过上面的几个病例,所以将患者转诊至我们心脏科门诊,经过检查后发现,病人为非ST段抬高型心梗,然后住院,造影结果为前降支严重狭窄,后来给予了支架治疗。

上面的病例讲完了,这是我能想到的以咽喉痛为主要表现的冠心病,耳鼻咽喉科的同仁们,害怕了吗?

最后谨以一句话警醒包括我在内的所有的医生朋友们,“下巴以下、肚脐以上,所有与活动相关或者你无法解释的症状,请千万考虑冠心病的可能”。

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    2017-07-06 医鸣惊人

    学习

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    2017-07-04 1de446d3m87(暂无匿称)

    在急诊年纪大的患者我们都会做个床旁心电图,也算是筛查吧

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219067, encodeId=314821906ea4, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Thu Jul 06 07:54:53 CST 2017, time=2017-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1497155, encodeId=b50e149e155b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d1a23983021' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#咽喉痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39830, encryptionId=d1a23983021, topicName=咽喉痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6bd39309270, createdName=zhanglin3082, createdTime=Wed Jul 05 02:02:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218584, encodeId=367321858482, content=在急诊年纪大的患者我们都会做个床旁心电图,也算是筛查吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a0a51685196, createdName=1de446d3m87(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jul 04 20:58:14 CST 2017, time=2017-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218152, encodeId=7266218152a9, content=颈部疼痛有可能也是心肌梗塞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Mon Jul 03 13:50:58 CST 2017, time=2017-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218125, encodeId=af4b218125cb, content=继续关注。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Mon Jul 03 12:16:25 CST 2017, time=2017-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=218113, encodeId=1397218113e5, content=学习!本来一直比较警惕左侧牙痛、上肢痛要考虑心梗,原来咽喉痛也不容忽视!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K1XjtUjQ8NVYHQibkEaluvvDoNSg76jGWO49qEGgAgqJETFTpCyTibc9JWjFQcb82vF3OjluzB1BMZ/0, createdBy=8bb71982844, createdName=王玲玲, createdTime=Mon Jul 03 12:02:50 CST 2017, time=2017-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-03 flysky120

    颈部疼痛有可能也是心肌梗塞

    0

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    2017-07-03 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注。

    0

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    2017-07-03 王玲玲

    学习!本来一直比较警惕左侧牙痛、上肢痛要考虑心梗,原来咽喉痛也不容忽视!

    0

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