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NCI公开全球很大的肿瘤基因数据库

2015-05-02 MedSci MedSci原创

在个体化治疗的广阔前景下,美国、英国和台湾都大力建设自己的肿瘤基因组数据库,希望通过肿瘤数据库的建设实现肿瘤患者个体化治疗,其中的变异基因分型后将成为肿瘤药物的攻击靶点,从而实现在基因组水平上对肿瘤进行靶向性治疗。 美国国家肿瘤研究所(NCI)已公开迄今为止规模最大的肿瘤相关的变异基因数据库,这些遗传信息可对肿瘤进行基因分型,其致癌基因的分子机制为靶向治疗提供依据。具有应用价值的是,研究

在个体化治疗的广阔前景下,美国、英国和台湾都大力建设自己的肿瘤基因组数据库,希望通过肿瘤数据库的建设实现肿瘤患者个体化治疗,其中的变异基因分型后将成为肿瘤药物的攻击靶点,从而实现在基因组水平上对肿瘤进行靶向性治疗。


美国国家肿瘤研究所(NCI)已公开迄今为止规模最大的肿瘤相关的变异基因数据库,这些遗传信息可对肿瘤进行基因分型,其致癌基因的分子机制为靶向治疗提供依据。具有应用价值的是,研究人员利用肿瘤患者的基因组信息可设计出个体化的、基于基因分型的治疗方案。

美国国家肿瘤研究所在周一声明称:“这一基于基因组研究的新数据库向全球开放,希望帮助科学家加快新药研发以及为病人提供适合的疗法。”该机构的分子药理研究室主任Yves Pommier博士称:“目前大多数抗癌药的使用都是按照医疗经验,对于多数人而言,能理解的是药物作用靶点,却不知道其与基因组学上的任何关联。”

多数肿瘤的治疗无法回避猜测性治疗,这是因为医生不能确定病人对常用药物和化疗的反应,或者是肿瘤已形成抗药性。为了实现个体化医疗以摆脱猜测性治疗,美国国家肿瘤研究所推动基因组学在肿瘤治疗的应用,其测序了60种人类肿瘤细胞系并创建了肿瘤细胞数据库,从而生成了人体不同部位的肿瘤相关的变异基因详细目录,该研究成果发表在美国肿瘤协会期刊《肿瘤研究》(Cancer Research)上。

Pommier博士称:“研究人员可挖掘肿瘤遗传数据以确定化疗药物Cisplatin是否能治疗特定的基因突变,具有说服力的是,仅有一半的子宫癌患者对Cisplatin药物有反应,而医药公司不愿证实现有的肿瘤药物仅能适用于一种类型的肿瘤患者。”

最近审批的多数肿瘤药物都是靶向性治疗,以阻止肿瘤细胞在生长和扩增过程中需要的特定途径,因此,在接受肿瘤药物治疗之前,应该确认患者具有特定的遗传突变,从而让药物更有利于治疗其疾病。罗氏旗下的AG公司研制的黑色素瘤药Zelboraf,能有效地作用于约一半的黑色素瘤患者出现的特定突变基因;辉瑞公司研制的肿瘤药物Xalkori,能靶向治疗约4%肺癌患者出现的ALK基因突变。

肿瘤基因组数据库的建设

2007年1月,台湾建成全球首个单一癌症的基因变异数据库,该变异数据库有利于研发检测肿瘤基因的芯片以促进临床诊断和药物发展。

台湾中央研究院生物医学研究所研究员周玉山称,该研究挖掘出614个肝癌易感基因的组合,结合肝癌患者变异基因后找到38个候选的肝癌致病基因,并在患有肝癌的人类和老鼠体内发现了候选基因的遗传证据。该数据库已于2006年2月对外开发,吸引了美国、欧盟和大陆等国家地区的研究人员进入其中搜集研究数据。

2013年1月,加州大学开放了肿瘤基因组数据库,其数据来自于美国国家癌症研究院的基因组项目,为那些分析肿瘤测序数据的科学家带来了方便。

这一被称为“癌症基因组学中心”的数据库由加州大学圣塔克鲁斯分校的一个团队建立的,收集了1万位肿瘤患者(20种肿瘤类型)的正常细胞和肿瘤细胞样本信息。该数据库将收录NCI儿童和艾滋病相关肿瘤基因组项目的数据,还将从接管的NIH国家生物技术信息中心获得肿瘤测序数据。

2013年6月,英国广播公司报道,英国将建立世界最大的肿瘤患者数据库,收集英国每年35万新确诊的肿瘤病例的遗传数据以实现针对癌症类型的个体化医疗。

新建的英国肿瘤数据库的遗传数据来自各地医疗机构的病例和1100万份历史档案记录,还与威尔士和苏格兰等医疗保健数据库实现信息共享,并在数据的整理、分析和更新中揭示各种肿瘤对治疗方法的反应。英格兰公共健康主管拉什巴斯介绍说,这个数据库将从根本上改变癌症的诊断和治疗。

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    2015-12-27 忠诚向上

    很值得

    0

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=49322, encodeId=3b1349322b0, content=很值得, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=223, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 12:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1776544, encodeId=6d7f1e76544cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68d941e583a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因数据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41758, encryptionId=68d941e583a, topicName=基因数据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Tue Mar 15 20:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28835, encodeId=409d28835d6, content=不错,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12d81573814, createdName=625157010, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 11:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1933688, encodeId=101d193368814, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=71a81258504' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NCI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12585, encryptionId=71a81258504, topicName=NCI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ee7414, createdName=lanyan20020086, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 05:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1441449, encodeId=61ff14414494b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=112c828e8ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82878, encryptionId=112c828e8ae, topicName=肿瘤基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=73444841962, createdName=ms5353107019656438, createdTime=Mon May 04 02:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22478, encodeId=7fbe224e83f, content=很不容易, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3ec11623464, createdName=Vivian321, createdTime=Sun May 03 00:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22437, encodeId=bc7d2243ef2, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Sat May 02 19:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22418, encodeId=6c78224184a, content=这才叫leader!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a1de110573, createdName=drylzheng, createdTime=Sat May 02 11:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-25 625157010

    不错,学习了

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=49322, encodeId=3b1349322b0, content=很值得, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=223, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 12:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1776544, encodeId=6d7f1e76544cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68d941e583a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因数据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41758, encryptionId=68d941e583a, topicName=基因数据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Tue Mar 15 20:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28835, encodeId=409d28835d6, content=不错,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12d81573814, createdName=625157010, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 11:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1933688, encodeId=101d193368814, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=71a81258504' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NCI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12585, encryptionId=71a81258504, topicName=NCI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ee7414, createdName=lanyan20020086, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 05:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1441449, encodeId=61ff14414494b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=112c828e8ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82878, encryptionId=112c828e8ae, topicName=肿瘤基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=73444841962, createdName=ms5353107019656438, createdTime=Mon May 04 02:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22478, encodeId=7fbe224e83f, content=很不容易, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3ec11623464, createdName=Vivian321, createdTime=Sun May 03 00:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22437, encodeId=bc7d2243ef2, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Sat May 02 19:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22418, encodeId=6c78224184a, content=这才叫leader!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a1de110573, createdName=drylzheng, createdTime=Sat May 02 11:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=49322, encodeId=3b1349322b0, content=很值得, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=223, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 12:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1776544, encodeId=6d7f1e76544cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68d941e583a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因数据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41758, encryptionId=68d941e583a, topicName=基因数据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Tue Mar 15 20:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=28835, encodeId=409d28835d6, content=不错,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12d81573814, createdName=625157010, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 11:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1933688, encodeId=101d193368814, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=71a81258504' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NCI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12585, encryptionId=71a81258504, topicName=NCI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ee7414, createdName=lanyan20020086, createdTime=Mon Mar 21 05:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1441449, encodeId=61ff14414494b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=112c828e8ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82878, encryptionId=112c828e8ae, topicName=肿瘤基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=73444841962, createdName=ms5353107019656438, createdTime=Mon May 04 02:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22478, encodeId=7fbe224e83f, content=很不容易, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3ec11623464, createdName=Vivian321, createdTime=Sun May 03 00:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22437, encodeId=bc7d2243ef2, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Sat May 02 19:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22418, encodeId=6c78224184a, content=这才叫leader!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a1de110573, createdName=drylzheng, createdTime=Sat May 02 11:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-05-03 Vivian321

    很不容易

    0

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    2015-05-02 huaxipanxing

    有用

    0

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    2015-05-02 drylzheng

    这才叫leader!

    0

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尽管单一的免疫检验点抑制剂作为肿瘤免疫治疗,显示出了的好的前景和希望。然而,最近有数据显示,将这些抑制剂联合使用,可能再加上其他的治疗方法,例如,放疗,将可以取得更大的成功。Nature杂志上报道,Minn和其同事们发现,联合抗体(分别靶向细胞程序性死亡蛋白1(PD1)配体1(PDL1)介导的和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4(CTLA4)介导的免疫检验点)和放疗,可以通过不同的,非重复性的机制,有效地促

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