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关于医疗器械的“召回”,你还应该了解这些

2018-08-05 乐也 赛柏蓝

“召回”二字到底意味着什么?医疗企业应该主动召回还是杜绝召回?这一次,我们针对医疗器械行业对不良事件的监测及召回案例,作出一些探讨,让更多人了解医疗器械行业的“召回”。

最近医疗产品的安全生产成为了大众讨论的热点话题。问题疫苗的强制召回,让很多人忧心忡忡。

“召回”二字到底意味着什么?医疗企业应该主动召回还是杜绝召回?这一次,我们针对医疗器械行业对不良事件的监测及召回案例,作出一些探讨,让更多人了解医疗器械行业的“召回”。

“召回”虽难免,风险管控意识需提高

医疗器械医疗器械种类多、跨度大,因设备等级、类型和管理方式等不同而差异巨大。工作人员和患者在使用及滥用医疗器械时存在着很大风险。因此,医疗器械生产安全尤为重要,应当实施从研制、生产到使用、报废全生命周期的监管。

这其中,医疗器械召回,体现的就是国家监管部门对上市后医疗器械存在缺陷的批次、型号和类别监管的能力,也是有风险意识和安全责任的企业必须配合履行的义务,应积极配合监管部门对生产的产品可能的缺陷产品进行调查、评估,及时召回缺陷产品。

与汽车行业相似,医械的生产零部件较多、生产工艺复杂,不可避免会出现瑕疵产品。企业在生产过程中进行严格管控的同时,更应该积极监测不良事件,发现问题后主动召回,这样才能全面降低医疗器械在使用中的风险。据国家药品监督管理局发布的《国家医疗器械不良事件监测年度报告》显示,2017年,我国对不良事件的监测报告突破了37万份,更多企业主动的发现问题,代表着整个医械行业风险管理认知和水平的提升。

以国内医疗器械企业迈瑞为例,从2015年起,期连续4年内针对其监护仪、中央监护系统、麻醉机、试剂等产品在包含中国、美国、欧盟、澳大利亚等进行了召回30多次主动召回,其也连续四年被评为不良事件监测工作先进单位。

企业主动召回与国家逐步形成监管合力

根据第一部也就是2017年5月1日起,开始实施的《医疗器械召回管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)规定,医疗器械召回,是指医疗器械生产企业按照规定的程序对其已上市销售的某一类别、型号或者批次的存在缺陷的医疗器械产品,采取警示、检查、修理、重新标签、修改并完善说明书、软件更新、替换、收回、销毁等方式进行处理的行为。

产业人士分析,由于医疗器械本身存在一定的风险因素,部分医疗器械在使用过程中也存在一定的风险性,只有通过持续开展对医疗器械产品质量的检测和监测,才能最大限度地控制医疗器械潜在的风险,保证医疗器械的使用安全。

而健全的医疗器械监管制度、特别是召回制度,不但能够保障医疗器械安全,还能够促进企业对产品的改进升级,推动新产品研发,有利于促进我国医疗器械行业健康发展。

实际上,医疗器械召回制度是国际上非常成熟的管理存在隐患的医疗器械的有效模式。早在1938年,美国的国会议员就清晰地认识到医疗器械对安全形成的挑战,并在当年的《食品、药品及化妆品法案》中把医疗器械作为受监管产品中特别的一类包括在该法案中,这距今已超过75年了。

从2010年1月1日到2015年12月31日,FDA发布了183份有关医疗器械生命周期管理的指南草案或最终指导文件,而在此期间,一级召回的年增长率为29%,2014年最多,总召回数有543起。

中国的医疗器械监管模式很大程度上借鉴了美国和欧盟的监管经验,与大多数国家一样对医疗器械实行分类管理,同时既有上市前审批,又有上市后监管,完成从重审批到重监管的转变。

实际上,在《办法》实施之前,我国的医疗器械监管制度还处于不断的完善过程中,以往,医疗器械产品主动召回似乎从来都只是外资企业、进口产品的事。近年来,随着《办法》的全面落地和实施,国内一部分有风险责任和安全责任的医疗器械带头,对其产品实施主动召回。

数据显示,2016年8月17日,上海市药监局一口气新发布了25则医疗器械主动召回公告。其中只有一起召回事件的主体是国内医疗器械生产企业,召回产品也是国产的。而到2017年,上海市国内医疗器械企业召回数量翻倍了,仅一季度,发布的主动召回数量,同比去年增长了110%。

而到了2018年上半年,上海市药监局的公开数据显示,主动召回数量,同比去年又增长了66.7%。国产医疗器械主动召回量增多,共有11个国产医疗器械主动召回。

业内人士认为,目前,在医疗医械上市后监管方面,我国的监管部分已经与生产企业在医疗器械监督抽检、飞行检查和主动召回工作形成了有效联动,初步形成监管合力。

生产企业上市后监管体系还待逐步完善

实际上,根据医疗器械管理相关条例,医疗器械生产经营企业、使用单位应当对所生产经营或者使用的医疗器械开展不良事件监测;发现医疗器械不良事件或者可疑不良事件,应当按照国务院食品药品监督管理部门的规定,向医疗器械不良事件监测技术机构报告。

医疗器械生产经营企业、使用单位应当对医疗器械不良事件监测技术机构、食品药品监督管理部门开展的医疗器械不良事件调查予以配合。

在这一方面,迈瑞等医械企业对“不良事件的管控”已经与国际接轨,针对不同国家的不良事件法规,也建立了系列的程序也在业内起到了示范作用。

不过,我国医疗器械企业上市后监管体现尚且的萌芽阶段,还需要逐步提高认知和完善,但是,业内人士也相信随着企业对不良事件的主动管控意识加强,医疗器械的安全性也会迈上一个新的台阶。

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    2018-10-18 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2018-09-15 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2018-08-26 大爰

    学习并分享!!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349731, encodeId=4e20349e3103, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Oct 18 09:44:36 CST 2018, time=2018-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=345143, encodeId=5c253451439e, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sat Sep 15 22:09:20 CST 2018, time=2018-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340923, encodeId=b7f5340923ae, content=学习并分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sun Aug 26 19:46:12 CST 2018, time=2018-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338742, encodeId=ce35338e4220, content=学习并分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Wed Aug 15 11:26:52 CST 2018, time=2018-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1489259, encodeId=d63f1489259ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fde43840491' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#召回#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38404, encryptionId=fde43840491, topicName=召回)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1df18514500, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Mon Aug 06 15:22:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336524, encodeId=89d2336524b8, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sun Aug 05 07:24:47 CST 2018, time=2018-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-15 大爰

    学习并分享!!

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349731, encodeId=4e20349e3103, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Thu Oct 18 09:44:36 CST 2018, time=2018-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=345143, encodeId=5c253451439e, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sat Sep 15 22:09:20 CST 2018, time=2018-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340923, encodeId=b7f5340923ae, content=学习并分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sun Aug 26 19:46:12 CST 2018, time=2018-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338742, encodeId=ce35338e4220, content=学习并分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Wed Aug 15 11:26:52 CST 2018, time=2018-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1489259, encodeId=d63f1489259ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fde43840491' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#召回#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38404, encryptionId=fde43840491, topicName=召回)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1df18514500, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Mon Aug 06 15:22:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336524, encodeId=89d2336524b8, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sun Aug 05 07:24:47 CST 2018, time=2018-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-05 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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