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Lancet Respir Med:呼吸系统疾病及其治疗与重度COVID-19的相关性

2021-11-18 小文子 MedSci原创

哮喘患者发生重度COVID-19的风险相对较小。

有研究证明,因COVID-19住院的患者中,慢性呼吸系统疾病的患病率低于普通人群。Lancet Respir Med 杂志的一项研究评估了慢性肺病或吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)是否影响感染严重COVID-19的风险。

研究纳入2020年1月24日20岁及以上在英国1205个全科诊所之一注册的患者。通过Cox回归分析,研究分析呼吸系统疾病和ICS使用相关的COVID-19住院、ICU治疗和死亡风险,调整人口统计学和社会经济状况以及与重度COVID-19相关的合并症。

2020年1月24日至4月30日,研究纳入8256161人。其中,14479人(0.2%)因COVID-19入院,1542人(< 0.1%)入ICU治疗,5956人(0.1%)死亡。与无呼吸系统疾病的患者相比,呼吸系统疾病患者因COVID-19导致的住院风险增加(COPD, HR=1.54, 95%CI, 1.45–1.63]; 哮喘1.18[1.13–1.24]; 重度哮喘1.29[1.22–1.37]; 支气管扩张1.34[1.20–1.50]; 结节病1.36[1.10–1.68]; 外源性过敏性肺泡炎1.35[0.82-2.21]; 特发性肺纤维化1.59[1.30-1.95]; 其他间质性肺病1.66[1.30-2.12]; 肺癌2.24[1.89-2.65]),且死亡风险增加(COPD, 1.54[1.42-1.67]; 哮喘0.99[0.91-1.07]; 重度哮喘1.08[0.98-1.19]; 支气管扩张1.12[0.94-1.33]; 结节病1.41[0.99-1.99]; 外源性过敏性肺泡炎1.56[0.78-3.13]; 特发性肺纤维化1.47[1.12-1.92]; 其他间质性肺病2.05[1.49-2.81]和肺癌1.77[1.37-2.29])。进ICU治疗的人较少,但哮喘患者的HR为1.08(0.93–1.25),严重哮喘患者的HR为1.30(1.08–1.58)。

事后分析发现,在2020年3月23日采用防护措施之前和之后,呼吸系统疾病患者发生严重COVID-19的相对风险相似。研究开始前150天服用两种或两种以上ICS的人群发生重度COVID-19的风险略高于其他个体(不用或只用一种ICS),住院,HR=1.13(1.03-1.23);住ICU治疗,HR=1.63(1.18-2.24),死亡HR=1.15(1.01-1.31)。

结果表明,哮喘患者发生重度COVID-19的风险相对较小。慢性阻塞性肺病和间质性肺病患者发生严重疾病的风险轻度增加,但他们在流行高峰期死于COVID-19的风险远低于其他原因造成的死亡风险。吸入糖皮质激素可能与重度COVID-19风险轻度增加有关。

原文出处:

Paul Aveyard, Min Gao, et al, Association between pre-existing respiratory disease and its treatment, and severe COVID-19: a population cohort study, Lancet Respir Med,2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00095-3.

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