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Neurology:经常喝“豆浆”,大脑或会变得更聪明

2021-08-14 Freeeman MedSci原创

多吃大豆类的食品,比如多喝豆浆,脑瓜可能会变得更加灵活。

大豆为亚洲人传统饮食已有几千年,但出现在西方餐桌上成为一种常见的食品,则只有大约60年的历史。现在,东西方许多超市都有很多大豆食品,如豆奶、大豆汉堡包和其他以大豆代替肉类的素食产品,当然还有形形色色的传统豆制品,如豆腐、豆豉、豆浆、味噌和酱油等等。

除了是美味食品,大豆饮食相比其他食品,还能降低罹患心脏病的风险。大豆可提供蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素B、纤维、铁、钙和锌等人体所需营养,是一种可取代肉类的健康食物,因此在西方越来越受欢迎。

世界正在经历快速的老龄化,与年龄相关的认知能力下降和痴呆症的全球流行率预计将大幅上升。认知能力下降和痴呆症造成的功能障碍不仅影响患者,也给家庭和社会带来巨大负担。目前仍缺乏对痴呆症的有效治疗方法,突出了预防策略的重要性。主观认知能力下降(SCD)--当自我感觉到认知能力下降,但无法检测到客观的认知障碍时,可能会在临床上明显的轻度认知障碍和痴呆症之前发生。导致痴呆的脑部病变可能在SCD之前几年甚至几十年就已经发生了。痴呆症的漫长临床前阶段可能是预防的关键窗口。

在认知能力下降的可改变的风险因素中,饮食已受到越来越多的关注。


类黄酮是一组天然存在于植物中的植物化学物质,长期以来被认为是强大的抗氧化剂。考虑到氧化应激在与年龄有关的认知衰退中可能发挥的作用,类黄酮已被提议作为防止认知功能恶化的潜在有效药剂。尽管一些小型的短期干预试验提供了一些证据来支持类黄酮对认知衰退的有益作用,但流行病学研究仍然没有结论。

而豆制品中,豆浆就是最常见的富含类黄酮的事物来源。

此外,不同的类黄酮亚类和有助于类黄酮摄入的特定食物是否与认知功能拥有不同的关系还不清楚。

因此,哈佛大学的Tian-Shin Yeh等人,利用两个大型前瞻性队列,在超过20年随访中,全面重复饮食评估,调查了类黄酮的摄入量与随后的SCD之间的关系。


他们对护士健康研究(NHS)(1984-2006年)的49493名女性和健康专家随访研究(HPFS)(1986-2002年)的27842名男性进行了跟踪调查。Poisson回归法被用来评估膳食类黄酮(黄酮醇、黄酮、黄烷酮、黄烷-3-醇、花青素、聚合类黄酮和原花青素)与随后的SCD之间的关系。

对于NHS来说,长期平均膳食摄入量是通过七次重复的食物频率问卷(SFFQs)计算出来的,SCD在2012年和2014年被评估。对于HPFS来说,平均膳食摄入量是通过五次重复的SFFQ计算出来的,SCD在2008年和2012年评估。

他们发现,在调整了年龄、总能量摄入、主要非饮食因素和特定饮食因素后,较高的总黄酮摄入与较低的SCD几率有关

比较总黄酮摄入量的最高五分位数和最低五分位数,对应ORs(95% CIs)=0.81(0.76,0.89)。

在汇总的结果中,黄酮(OR=0.62 [0.57, 0.68])、黄烷酮(0.64 [0.58, 0.68])和花青素(0.76 [0.72, 0.84])于SCD的关联性最强。

黄酮的剂量反应曲线最陡峭,其次是花青素。

许多富含黄酮的食物,如草莓、橙子、葡萄柚、柑橘汁、苹果/梨、芹菜、辣椒和香蕉,与SCD的低几率明显相关。

这个研究的重要意义在于发现了:较高的类黄酮摄入量对维持美国男性和女性的认知功能有好处。

拓展来看,多吃大豆类的食品,比如多喝豆浆,脑瓜可能会变得更加灵活。

原文出处:
Yeh TS, Yuan C, Ascherio A, Rosner B, Willett W, Blacker D. Long-term Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Subjective Cognitive Decline in US Men and Women [published online ahead of print, 2021 Jul 28]. _Neurology_. 2021;10.1212/WNL.0000000000012454. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012454

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    2022-06-04 yinhl1978
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    2021-08-16 gostraight
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    2021-08-16 Boyinsh
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    2021-08-15 123de590m20暂无昵称

    学习了。谢谢

    0

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Translational Psychiatry:循环代谢组与认知障碍的关联:基于社区的老年人群队列研究

研究识别了亮氨酸、缬氨酸和IDL颗粒数等代谢物与认知障碍风险的负相关关系,将这些代谢标志物纳入预测模型显著提高了模型的预测精确度。

综述|垂体神经内分泌肿瘤发生神经精神障碍研究进展

本文对PitNET患者出现神经精神障碍的科学研究进行综述,为今后诊治 PitNET合并神经精神障碍提供参考。

Translational Psychiatry:华西医院揭示抑郁和认知障碍对痴呆发生风险增加的影响:来自三大老年队列的前瞻性研究

抑郁症和认知障碍均显著增加老年人群痴呆的发生风险。认知障碍的风险比抑郁症更大,而二者共存时痴呆的发生风险最高,但未观察到显著的协同效应。

Schizophrenia:利用网络药理学和分子对接探索芬戈莫德和西泊莫德对精神分裂症认知障碍的分子靶点

芬戈莫德和西泊莫德可以通过PI3K-Akt和MAPK信号通路的多个核心靶点,改善精神分裂症患者的认知功能。

Psychological Medicine:晚发精神病患者发展为路易体痴呆的进展特征

在晚发精神病患者中,视觉幻觉和路易体痴呆的两项或更多核心特征是其未来发展为路易体痴呆的显著预测因素。这些核心症状应引起临床医生的重视,及时开展相关诊断和干预措施。

认知障碍老年人口腔健康管理的最佳证据总结

复旦大学护理学院 · 2023-12-25

故事疗法延缓轻中度认知障碍老年人认知衰退的最佳证据总结

南京理工大学循证社会科学与健康研究中心 · 2022-12-25

认知障碍患者住院期间走失风险管理的最佳证据总结

郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科 · 2022-11-15

新型冠状病毒肺炎后认知障碍诊治和管理共识

中国医师协会神经内科分会认知障碍专业委员会专家组 · 2022-08-19

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