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辅助放疗对早期卵巢透明细胞癌患者生存的影响

2022-04-23 网络 网络

[摘要] 目的 评估辅助放疗(RT)对I和II期卵巢透明细胞癌(OCCC)患者生存的影响。方法 对1995-2014年间在多伦多两个三级医疗中心收治的163名I和II期OCCC患者进行数据采集,描述统

[摘要] 目的 评估辅助放疗(RT)对I和II期卵巢透明细胞癌(OCCC)患者生存的影响。方法 对1995-2014年间在多伦多两个三级医疗中心收治的163名I和II期OCCC患者进行数据采集,描述统计及生存分析。结果 44例(27%)患者接受RT,其中37例辅助化疗(CT),7例仅接受RT;no-RT组共119例患者:83例接受CT,36例未接受任何辅助治疗;RT组10年PFS为65%,no-RT组为59%;41例(25%)复发:RT组12例(27.2%),no-RT组29例(24.3%)。多因素分析显示RT与PFS或OS无关,高风险组59例患者(细胞学阳性和/或表面受累的Ic期和II期患者)结果相同。结论 辅助RT对于I和II期OCCC患者以及高风险患者没有生存获益。 

OCCC是组织学、分子学及临床特征独特的上皮性卵巢癌,发病率存在地域差异:在北美洲OCCC发病率占上皮性卵巢癌的3 - 12%,而日本高达20 - 25%,研究表明47%-81%的OCCC患者确诊时为I-II期。

I期OCCC患者5年OS为85%,IA期接近90%,而IC期患者术中瘤体破裂者比IA期患者预后差,但比细胞学阳性或是卵巢表面受累的IC期患者预后好。研究发现术中瘤体破裂的IC期患者9年PFS为70.7%,OS为78.9%,高风险的IC期患者9年PFS和OS分别为56.6%、61.3%;MemorialSloan Kettering报道术中瘤体破裂的IC期患者3年OS为96.2%,而高风险组为71.9%(P = 0.001),另有研究证明细胞学阳性是预后不良因素。

由于缺乏充分数据,早期OCCC治疗方面缺乏共识,辅助治疗方法多种多样,包括随访观察、CT、RT以及综合治疗,一般建议OCCC患者给予辅助CT,但对铂联合化疗反应率仅11%-56%,卵巢浆液性癌的反应率则超过70%,Takano甚至认为I期患者行辅助CT“轻微获益”,与对照组预后相同。

上皮性卵巢癌对放疗相对敏感,一系列研究报道了早期上皮性卵巢癌辅助RT获益,且指征相对较宽。OCCC病变往往局限于盆腔,对标准化疗方案抵抗,辅助RT有效。Nagai比较了28例I-III期OCCC患者行辅助CT和全腹外照射放疗(WAR)的疗效,发现WAR组5年生存显著改善,局部复发率低;Dinniwell认为OCCC患者辅助WAR反应良好;Swenerton研究发现I-II期OCCC患者辅助WAR较辅助CT疗效好,该团队2012年比较了241例I-II期OCCC患者辅助CT+RT和单独RT的疗效,发现早期高风险患者WAR使PFS增加20%。本研究的目的旨在评估高风险I-II期OCCC患者辅助RT的疗效。

研究方法  加拿大多伦多两个三级癌症中心共收治或会诊209例OCCC患者,共有163例I-II期OCCC患者纳入研究,101例是1995-2014年在PrincessMargaret Cancer Center治疗的患者,62例是2000-2014年在Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center治疗的患者,全面复习电子病历,包括手术过程、病理及影像学报告,由妇科病理学家再次阅片,以核实诊断

    高风险人群定义为细胞学阳性/表面受累的IC期及II期患者,术中瘤体破裂导致的IC期患者,以及细胞学检查未知的IA、IB期患者归为低风险组。

  手术方式有开腹、腹腔镜或机器人辅助三种,手术范围包括:子宫切除、双侧附件切除、大网膜切除,细胞学检查,盆腔淋巴清扫术,腹主动脉旁淋巴清扫达肾血管水平。

术后辅助治疗方式多样。化疗方案为TC方案:卡铂(AUC=5-6)和紫杉醇(175mg/m2)每3周一次,共3-6个周期;放疗包括盆腔和/或WAR,盆腹腔RT通常在化疗后4-6周进行,WAR放疗剂量为2300cGy,分23次完成,盆腔总剂量为4500cGy,每次150cGy;单纯盆腔照射4500cGy,分25次,每次180cGy。

单因素分析纳入的变量包括:年龄、分期、亚裔、子宫内膜异位症、细胞学、辅助CT、RT;年龄、分期、辅助CT三变量纳入多因素分析。

    统计学分析  OS是从手术日期到死亡日期或最后一次随访日期,PFS是指从手术日期至复发日期或死亡日期或最后一次随访日期;根据影像学和/或活检结果确定复发,使用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,分别采用对数秩检验(log-rank test)和Cox回归模型进行单因素和多因素分析,P<0.05有统计学意义。

结果  163例 I-II期OCCC患者纳入研究,中位年龄54.6岁,IA期58例,IB期3例,IC期87例,II期15例,152例患者至少接受子宫切除+双侧附件切除+大网膜切除术;8例患者未行大网膜切除术;3例接受保留生育功能的手术,其中2例保留子宫和一侧卵巢,1例仅保留子宫;95例(58%)患者行细胞学检查;80例(49%)接受淋巴清扫术:57例完成了全面分期手术,行盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术(至少一侧),23例接受盆腔或腹主动脉旁淋巴清扫术。44(27%)例辅助RT:20例接受盆腔放疗,8例接受WAR,15例接受盆腔放疗联合WAR,37例(84.1%)联合CT,7例(15.9%)仅接受RT;119(73%)例未接受RT;120例(73.1%)辅助CT:RT组37例,no-RT组83例;36例未接受任何辅助治疗;平均化疗6程(2-8程),99例(82.5%)完成6程化疗;未辅助RT患者全面分期手术比率高(40.3% vs 20.5%,P=0.03)。患者的年龄、分期、亚裔,子宫内膜异位症,细胞学,辅助CT等,组间没有差异。

中位随访6.2年(95%CI 5-7年),41例复发:no-RT组29/119例(24.3%)复发,RT组12/44例(27.2%)复发,组间复发率无差异;中位PFS为13.9年,两组患者5年PFS均为70%,10年PFS no-RT组为59%(95%CI 47-75%),RT组为65%(95%CI 51-84%);死亡34例:no-RT组25例(21%),RT组9例(20.5%),27例为疾病特异性死亡,7例无疾病复发死亡。中位OS为14.5年,5年OS no-RT组为82%,RT组为81%;10年OS两组均为70%;RT组12/44(27%)例复发:2例(16.5%)远处转移,2例(16.5%)腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移,1例(8%)盆腔复发,7例(58%)盆腔和远处广泛转移;no-RT组29/119例(24%)复发:12例(42%)远处转移,4例(14%)腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移,7例(24%)盆腔复发,6例(21%)远处和盆腔广泛转移,差异均没有统计学意义(P=0.24)。

57例患者经全面分期手术证实为I期,其中27例接受辅助CT,30例未接受化疗;IA期患者术后辅助CT不能改善生存(5年PFS 100% vs 81%,P = 0.3;5年OS 100% vs 89%,P =0.36);但IC期患者化疗可显著改善OS,PFS也有改善趋势。单因素分析显示分期、腹水细胞学和辅助CT与PFS显著相关,多因素分析显示分期和辅助CT是独立预后因素;无论单因素和多因素分析,分期为OS独立预后因素,辅助RT与PFS或OS无关。

“低风险组”患者104例,“高风险组”59例[20,21],高风险组中20例(33.9%)接受辅助RT(16例同时接受辅助CT, 4例患者仅接受RT),39例未接受RT(34例辅助CT,5例无辅助治疗);高风险组22例(37.3%)复发:RT组中9/20例(45%)复发,no-RT组13/39例复发(33%),高风险组RT与复发或生存没有相关性。

排除43例患者未接受化疗的患者,研究辅助RT对120例辅助CT患者生存的影响,发现组间预后没有差异。

讨论  辅助RT对于OCCC的作用有不少研究,Nagai研究发现与12名辅助CT患者相比,16名辅助RT的IC-II期的OCCC患者OS和PFS明显改善,5年PFS及OS在RT组分别为81.3%,81.8%,而CT组为25%和33.3%,但该队列病例少,IA、IB期和III期均被排除,5年OS和PFS在CT组大大低于研究预期。Swenerton研究703例上皮性卵巢癌,共有197例I-III期OCCC患者,其中97例辅助CT,100例CT联合RT,375例I和II期OCCC、子宫内膜样癌和粘液腺癌队列中,联合CT和RT治疗与CT治疗相比,使肿瘤特异性死亡率减少40%,总死亡率减少43%,这使放射肿瘤学家重新考虑辅助RT对于卵巢癌患者的作用,但该研究仅局限于I-II期卵巢癌患者,且研究中OCCC发病率高于预期(28%),而浆液性癌仅占40%, 辅助RT对预后的影响是通过分析OCCC、子宫内膜样癌和粘液腺癌群组得到的,辅助RT对OCCC的作用仍然未知。Hoskins回顾性分析了不列颠、哥伦比亚、加拿大241例早期OCCC患者,约半数患者3程CT后给予辅助RT,对照组接受6程CT治疗,多因素分析显示细胞学阳性和肿瘤表面受累是不良预后因素,分层分析显示RT似乎可以改善高危患者的生存[ 21 ]。既往研究证明无肉眼残留病灶是上皮性卵巢癌独立预后因子,对于有残留病灶的OCCC患者辅助RT可能获益。

本研究没有发现辅助RT对I期或II期OCCC患者PFS或OS获益,也没有证实辅助RT使高风险患者获益。原因可能在于以下因素:患者个体差异、手术差异、治疗方案的变化以及其它不明因素的混杂。在Hoskins多中心的研究中,治疗方案的选择根据患者所在机构有差异,可能会部分减少混杂偏倚,而本研究中辅助RT的选择基于医生的偏好,患者分布不均,虽然历年来OCCC治疗原则没有实质性变化,但不能完全排除选择偏倚。

Jenison报道了25例OCCC患者中40%复发,出现远处转移(肝、肺、骨,大脑等)转移,40%腹膜后转移,72%弥漫性腹腔和腹膜扩散[ 31 ]。本研究中少数患者盆腔局部复发(8 / 41, 20%),通过RT控制,大部分复发(33 / 41, 80 %)为多发远处转移。可见术后盆腔RT甚至WAR不会阻止远处转移及改善整体生存;

OCCC化疗反应率不及高级别浆液性卵巢癌,MITO9研究中多因素分析显示:辅助顺铂联合/不联合紫杉醇化疗不能改善I期患者的预后;Takano在一项254例I期OCCC患者的回顾性研究中也论证化疗没有生存获益 ,本结果表明:辅助CT可减少复发,但不能改善整体生存。可见化疗的有效性有待于进一步验证。

本研究的局限性在于回顾性,间隔20年,这期间有辅助CT和RT经验的变化,以及手术治疗的改进,虽然组间统计方法相同,但不能排除随机选择偏倚;本研究中no-RT组接受全面手术分期患者的数量明显高于辅助RT组,且9.8%患者由于淋巴结阳性临床分期由I期升为III期,所以未接受全面手术也是影响预后的重要因素;本研究结论提示RT不影响PFS或OS,由于病例数量有限,也不能排除潜在获益。尽管有上述局限性,本研究是针对该罕见疾病的大型队列研究,既往研究少有报道。早期OCCC患者辅助RT指征尚不确定,需要进一步研究来论证。

原始出处:

Hogen L,Thomas G, Bernardini M, et al.The effect of adjuvant radiation on survival inearly stage clear cell ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 143(2):258-263.

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    2022-04-24 1479e52am77(暂无昵称)

    学习了

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