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中山大学团队研究新型灭蚊技术可防控寨卡病毒

2016-03-16 佚名 睿医

广州中山大学奚志勇团队首创的显微胚胎注射沃尔巴克氏菌控制蚊媒的技术将可有效防控寨卡病毒。 14日,由国际原子能机构主办,中山大学承办的“促进南亚与东南亚国家在结合昆虫不育技术与传统控制方法监控登革热病毒媒介方面的专业知识与基础设施共享”国家顾问会议在该校举行,奚志勇接受记者采访时表示,诸多证据和一些初期试验的结果,显示沃尔巴克氏体菌可抑制蚊子体内的寨卡病毒。此外,中国及欧洲地区广泛存在并传播

广州中山大学奚志勇团队首创的显微胚胎注射沃尔巴克氏菌控制蚊媒的技术将可有效防控寨卡病毒。

14日,由国际原子能机构主办,中山大学承办的“促进南亚与东南亚国家在结合昆虫不育技术与传统控制方法监控登革热病毒媒介方面的专业知识与基础设施共享”国家顾问会议在该校举行,奚志勇接受记者采访时表示,诸多证据和一些初期试验的结果,显示沃尔巴克氏体菌可抑制蚊子体内的寨卡病毒。此外,中国及欧洲地区广泛存在并传播登革热的白纹伊蚊也能传播寨卡病毒。

据了解,由于寨卡、登革热等虫媒传染病既无特效药物、也无有效疫苗,因此,控制传播病毒的数量以减少其与人类的接触的“蚊虫媒介控制”措施是预防寨卡、登革热等蚊媒病流行的主要手段。但传统的蚊媒控制方法在蚊媒病流行传播阻断方面的效果并不理想。因此有效地控制寨卡、登革热等蚊媒病流行亟待发展新型控制蚊媒措施。

沃尔巴克体(Wolbachia)是世界上分布最为广泛的共生菌,常见于节肢动物门和部分线虫体内,影响所寄生动物的生殖和发育。2009年开始,科学家发现沃尔巴克氏菌可以阻止登革热病毒在蚊子体内复制增殖。携带不同型别沃尔巴克氏体的雌雄昆虫交配后产生的卵不发育。

奚志勇介绍,该团队利用显微胚胎注射技术,在果蝇、伊蚊和库蚊体内提取沃尔巴克氏体,并成功将其导入到登革热媒介白蚊伊蚊体内,使其与蚊虫形成稳定的共生关系。携带沃尔巴克氏体的实验室雄蚊与自然界非携带沃尔巴克氏体雌蚊交配所产的卵不能发育。“像寨卡和登革热的虫媒病要维持传播,都需要一个最低的蚊媒数量临界线。”通过大量释放实验室雄蚊,可以使蚊子种群数量降低到足以引起疾病流行的临界线以下。

该研究团队2015年在广州南沙沙仔岛现场试验点投入了约650万只实验室雄蚊,在持续释放区最终达到几乎百分之百地清除蚊子幼虫。在释放的最后一整个月里,最终只监测到一个孵化的幼虫,而成虫的控制效果也达到97%。目前,奚志勇团队已建成了世界最大的“蚊子工厂”,该工厂面积超过3500平方米,有4个车间,每个车间按照现有技术能够每周生产500万只实验室雄蚊。

大规模压制蚊媒数量是否会造成物种灭绝?奚志勇表示,“沃尔巴克氏菌控制蚊媒技术”提取的沃尔巴克氏体是自然界自然存在的菌体,其压制目标明确,相对于传统的杀虫剂除虫策略,该技术环境友好,对其他昆虫以及环境不造成任何影响。同时,该项技术是控制蚊子数量,减少蚊子与人类接触,从而达到控制病毒传播,并非灭绝蚊子。当蚊子数量被大规模压制下去之后,此后防控就可以少量释放实验室雄蚊,用以维持较低蚊子数量。

除了广州南沙沙仔岛试验点,3月下旬,奚志勇团队将在广州番禺区大刀沙岛释放实验室雄蚊继续实验。他表示,这项技术预计两三年内开始走向实践应用,希望在整个华南地区人群聚集区全方位推广,以达到防控登革热以及寨卡。

奚志勇介绍,在防控寨卡方面,将有望在巴西建立蚊子工厂,预计很快会开始实施。下一步将与巴西有更多的合作互动。此外,为促进大规模应用,2016年将与以色列的一家公司合作研究通过飞机释放蚊子的技术,并启动自动化生产线的研发。

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    2016-04-20 wei834766788

    可恶的蚊子!!

    0

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    2016-04-20 wei834766788

    杀杀杀!!!

    0

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