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PNAS:哈佛华人女教授研发实时监控活细胞膜结构技术有助疾病治疗

2012-08-17 MedSci 生物通

   来自霍德华休斯医学院,哈佛大学,中国科学技术大学的研究人员报道了一项活细胞细胞器成像的超高分辨率荧光显微技术研究进展,这种技术利用了光控膜探针(photoswitchable membrane probes),能实时监控活细胞中特殊的膜结构变化。相关成果公布在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)杂志上。 文章的通讯作者是哈佛大学庄小威(Xiaowei Zhuang)教

  

来自霍德华休斯医学院,哈佛大学,中国科学技术大学的研究人员报道了一项活细胞细胞器成像的超高分辨率荧光显微技术研究进展,这种技术利用了光控膜探针(photoswitchable membrane probes),能实时监控活细胞中特殊的膜结构变化。相关成果公布在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)杂志上。

文章的通讯作者是哈佛大学庄小威(Xiaowei Zhuang)教授以及中国科学技术大学生命科学学院毕国强教授,其中庄教授早年毕业于中国科技大学少年班,34岁的时候就成为了哈佛大学正教授,并且在今年在5月公布的84位新晋美国科学院院士名单中,庄小威的当选刷新了最年轻美国科学院华人院士的纪录。

活细胞功能膜结构变化是细胞各种生理活动的基础,以纳米级别的分辨率来对活细胞中功能膜的成像,有助于揭示细胞器的超微结构动态过程。

在这篇文章中,研究人员找到了光控膜探针,利用超高分辨率荧光成像技术,对细胞膜进行了分析,他们的研究证明了这8个常用的膜探针具有光控能力,能特异性作用于细胞膜,线粒体,内质网或者溶酶体。

这些小分子探针可以轻松以高探针密度标记活细胞,通过它们,研究人员能在30-60nm的空间分辨率,1-2s时间分辨率级别上,对活细胞中的特殊膜结构进行动态成像。而且再加上光谱分辨探针(spectrally distinguishable probes),就能对线粒体和内质网进行双色超高分辨率成像。

利用这些技术,研究人员分析了之前无法细致观察到的,线粒体融合/裂变,以及内质网重形成的形态变化,和神经元突起中异质膜扩散进行了分析,获得了清晰的细节图片。

庄小威教授一直从事生物物理显微成像方面的研究,她在2005年发现了一种能够几百次地反复在各种颜色的光照下使用的,能够驱动为荧光态和暗态的发光分子团,从而得到了一种比传统光学显微镜高10倍以上的分辨率的显微技术,并将这种技术命名为随机光学重建显微法(stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy,STORM)。

之后她又在2007年发现了特殊的荧光探针家族,实现了多色随机光学重建显微法(multicolor stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy),并利用这种方法以20-30纳米级别的分辨率演示了DNA模式样品和哺乳动物细胞的多色成像。2011年,她与著名华人院士谢晓亮利用超分辨率荧光显微镜对活体大肠杆菌细胞内的拟核相关蛋白(nucleoid-associated proteins ,NAPs)进行了跟踪观察,并由此揭示了细菌遗传物质组织机制。

这些研究技术将可以用于流感、艾滋病、SARS等病毒侵入宿主细胞的过程等多个与人类疾病治疗相关的研究领域。

链接:Shim SH, Xia C, Zhong G, Babcock HP, Vaughan JC, Huang B, Wang X, Xu C, Bi GQ, Zhuang X.Super-resolution fluorescence imaging of organelles in live cells with photoswitchable membrane probes.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Aug 13

拓展阅读:

庄小威,1972年生人。1987年,15岁时考入中国科技大学少年班。1997年,在加州大学伯克利分校拿到物理学博士学位。2006年初,庄小威晋升为哈佛正教授,34岁的正教授。她在哈佛大学建立了以自己名字命名的单分子生物物理实验室,带领21名博士、博士后研究流感病毒、艾滋病病毒、SARS等病毒侵入宿主细胞的过程。2012年5月1日,40岁的庄小威,被选举为美国科学院院士。

在庄小威的字典里,动力、眼界和深度思考是三个关键词。 做科研是很辛苦的事,对自己的学问有热情,才有动力,保持动力是化解困难的秘诀。每当遇到梗阻,庄小威就勒令自己忘掉过去的成功和失败,一切从头开始,从不轻言放弃。在哈佛大学工作以来,她一周七天,每天都从早上10时工作到半夜12时。她说:“除了吃饭和睡觉,剩下的时间都在工作。”

“由于中国传统教育方式有其弱点,以致中国人的创造性思维不够活跃,华人学生在此方面应注意调整。只要科研做得好,就一定会被别人承认,性别、国籍都不是关键。”庄小威建议后晋同行挑选对社会产生影响、能使多数人受益的课题,在研究时,务必深思,杜绝肤浅。

  

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    2013-01-21 drwjr
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    2012-08-19 lqvr
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    2012-08-19 amyloid
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