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建议收藏:围术期各项凝血功能检查总结及其临床意义

2023-06-16 梧桐医学 梧桐医学 发表于上海

为预防和处理围术期凝血问题,了解围术期凝血相关检查及其临床意义就显得尤为重要,赶紧收藏起来学习吧!

『凝血功能紊乱』是麻醉医生在临床上经常遇到的问题,它是由多种因素引起的血液凝固异常,可表现为高凝血症相关的血栓性疾病及低凝血症相关的出血性疾病。

而与凝血功能紊乱有些微差异的是『凝血功能障碍』,它的定义是因血液凝固能力下降导致的、具有出血倾向的病理生理状态。

凝血功能紊乱容易导致患者失血,围术期出血最严重的并发症是『低血容量性休克』,而休克患者也常发生凝血功能衰竭。

凝血功能紊乱是维系正常凝血功能的血管、血流、血液三要素共同失衡的状态,同时具有血管内皮损伤、凝血因子、血小板、纤溶系统功能的严重障碍,合并氧代谢障碍及组织低灌注等,临床表现为皮肤淤斑、黏膜出血、肢体发绀,甚至末端坏疽……

因此为预防和处理围术期凝血问题,了解围术期凝血相关检查及其临床意义就显得尤为重要,赶紧收藏起来学习吧!

外源性凝血系统

凝血酶原时间(PT)及国际标准化比值(INR)

PT是指暴露于组织因子时血浆凝固所需的时间,大多数实验室PT的正常范围为11~13s,INR根据凝血酶原时间(PT)和测定试剂的国际敏感指数(ISI)推算而来,正常参考值约0.8-1.5,PT或INR延长提示外源性凝血系统的凝血因子存在数量或质量的异常,或血中存在抗凝物质。

内源性凝血系统

活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)

APTT是指血浆暴露于激活接触因子的物质后发生凝固所需的时间,APTT正常范围为25~35s,APTT延长提示内源性凝血系统的凝血因子存在数量或质量的异常,或血中存在抗凝物质;APTT缩短提示血液呈现高凝状态,且可用于肝素剂量的监测。

PT、APTT延长提示出血风险较高,PT、APTT缩短提示诊断为高凝状态的敏感度较低。当怀疑有遗传性因素或获得性因素致凝血功能异常时应进一步行PT、APTT混合血浆纠正试验。

凝血共同途径

凝血酶时间(TT)及纤维蛋白原

血浆中纤维蛋白原的浓度,正常范围为200~400mg/dL。TT 延长而纤维蛋白原水平正常,提示血中存在抗凝物质;TT延长且纤维蛋白原水平降低,则提示低纤维蛋白原血症。

纤溶系统

D-二聚体及纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)

FDP是纤溶酶作用于纤维蛋白原或纤维蛋白后生成的降解产物,其水平反映纤溶系统功能状态。D-二聚体是纤维蛋白凝块的降解产物,能够特异性地反映交联纤维蛋白的纤溶情况,更准确地提示血栓形成风险 ,临床上通常采用血浆D-二聚体水平<500ng/mL作为排除血栓的界值。

D-二聚体及FDP升高,提示存在纤溶活动。如果FDP升高明显,D-二聚体升高不明显,可考虑原发性纤溶亢进;如果二者均明显升高,可考虑继发性纤溶亢进。

血小板计数

血小板数量减少,出血风险增加;血小板数量增多,则血小板易发生黏附、聚集及释放反应,可能形成血小板性血栓。当血小板进行性下降时,除了考虑免疫介导的血小板减少和骨髓抑制,还要警惕DIC的发生。

抗凝血酶III(ATIII)

ATIII能与凝血酶结合形成凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物,从而灭活凝血酶。肝素与ATIII结合后可显著加速凝血酶灭活反应达千倍以上。

血涂片

外周血形态学检查辅助诊断重症患者凝血功能障碍(推荐强度A,证据等级IV),初步判断白细胞、红细胞及血小板的数量、大小及形态异常。红细胞是外周血涂片中数量最多的细胞,破碎红细胞指红细胞碎片或不完整的红细胞,正常外周血中破碎红细胞小于1%。破碎红细胞增多常见于血栓性微血管病以及心脏植入瓣膜或装置故障(具体如下图)。

黏弹力凝血试验

主要包括血栓弹力图(TEG)及凝血与血小板功能分析仪(Centuryclot@或Sonoclot@)检测。

血栓弹力图(TEG)记录血栓形成的全过程,包括血凝块形成和发展、血凝块回缩和溶解,提供血栓形成速度、强度和稳定性等信息。二者均能准确评估患者的整体凝血状态,且与重症患者的凝血因子、纤维蛋白原及血小板功能评估具有良好的相关性。

两者区别是凝血与血小板功能分析仪对凝血因子及血小板功能监测更敏感,而TEG对纤溶功能监测具有量化优势。

新型凝血分子标志物

主要用于判断重症患者凝血功能障碍的类型及预后。

血栓调节蛋白

血栓调节蛋白(TM)为内皮细胞表面的凝血酶受体,血浆TM正常值为3.8~13TU/mL。当内皮细胞受损或功能障碍时,TM表达降低。而TM升高提示血管内皮损伤,可见于脓毒症、肾功能受损、急性肺损伤等。

凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物

体内凝血酶形成后,部分迅速与抗凝血酶(AT)结合形成凝酶抗凝血酶复合物(TAT),该指标是反映凝血酶生成的分子标志物,可灵敏地反映凝血系统的激活程度。TAT的血浆半衰期为3~15min,血浆正常值<4ng/mL,如>4ng/mL提示凝血酶合成增多。TAT升高可早期预测血栓形成、复发及DIC风险。

纤溶酶-抗纤溶酶复合物

纤溶酶抗纤溶酶复合物(PIC)是纤溶酶与抑制因子α2抗纤溶酶以1:1结合形成的复合物,是直接反映纤溶系统激活程度的生物标志物。血浆半衰期约6h,血浆正常值为<0.8μg/mL,如>0.8μg/mL常提示纤溶系统激活。可用于早期预测高凝状态,也可用于溶栓治疗监测。

组织型纤溶酶原激活物-纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1复合物

血管内皮细胞损伤时,组织型纤溶酶原激活物及纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1同时释放到血液中,1:1结合形成组织型纤溶酶原激活物-纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1复合物(tPAIC),能够反映内皮细胞的损伤,是纤溶系统激活的分子标志物,男性血浆正常值<17.0ng/mL,女性<10.5 ng/mL。是静脉血栓栓塞症 (VTE)及心梗的风险指标,可用于DIC诊断,血浆水平升高提示DIC、血管内皮细胞损伤、血栓形成等。

常规凝血试验联合TEG可快速提供凝血功能障碍的证据(如图),最大化发挥TEG的『优点』:准确判断凝血因子活性、肝素残留或抗凝效果、纤维蛋白原水平、诊断血小板功能(见重症患者凝血功能障碍标准化评估中国专家共识2022)。

如果怀疑有凝血障碍,应进行粘弹性测定(如TEG)及血小板计数。如果粘弹性测定不可用,则进行标准凝血试验(如INR、APTT、纤维蛋白原浓度测定等)及血小板计数。

参考文献

[1]宋景春, 张伟, 张磊, 等. 重症患者凝血功能障碍标准化评估中国专家共识[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2022, 47(2): 107–117.

[2]急性出血性凝血功能障碍诊治专家共识 - 中华急诊医学杂志[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine, Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co., Ltd., 2020, 29(06): 780–787.

[3]American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Management. Practice guidelines for perioperative blood management: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Management*[J]. Anesthesiology, 2015, 122(2): 241–275.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143263, encodeId=0f39214326392, content=『凝血功能紊乱』是麻醉医生在临床上经常遇到的问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3d3015017, createdName=jshbyywk2008, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:07:24 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143261, encodeId=61a92143261ba, content=凝血功能紊乱容易导致患者失血,围术期出血最严重的并发症是『低血容量性休克』,而休克患者也常发生凝血功能衰竭。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210925/20274508595745adb221d4af84f71a30/44cac845ab1e4a3a81ff3fe6373b97b0.jpg, createdBy=2a601767050, createdName=Mongolian, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 05:38:23 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=内蒙古), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143249, encodeId=dea2214324952, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d114843943, createdName=1013100771, createdTime=Fri Jun 16 23:59:27 CST 2023, time=2023-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143283, encodeId=269121432836f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 08:19:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143275, encodeId=b5ed21432e52f, content=确实很不错,这个结论很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a2878140103, createdName=ms4000001679566255, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:35:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=湖北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143274, encodeId=50ae21432e4c2, content=眼科医生路过,有帮助, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9c024791467, createdName=menghao9134, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:18:40 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143264, encodeId=b6e8214326419, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4dfa6526517, createdName=仁术2023, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:08:12 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-06-17 jshbyywk2008 来自河北省

    『凝血功能紊乱』是麻醉医生在临床上经常遇到的问题

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143263, encodeId=0f39214326392, content=『凝血功能紊乱』是麻醉医生在临床上经常遇到的问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3d3015017, createdName=jshbyywk2008, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:07:24 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143261, encodeId=61a92143261ba, content=凝血功能紊乱容易导致患者失血,围术期出血最严重的并发症是『低血容量性休克』,而休克患者也常发生凝血功能衰竭。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210925/20274508595745adb221d4af84f71a30/44cac845ab1e4a3a81ff3fe6373b97b0.jpg, createdBy=2a601767050, createdName=Mongolian, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 05:38:23 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=内蒙古), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143249, encodeId=dea2214324952, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d114843943, createdName=1013100771, createdTime=Fri Jun 16 23:59:27 CST 2023, time=2023-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143283, encodeId=269121432836f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 08:19:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143275, encodeId=b5ed21432e52f, content=确实很不错,这个结论很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a2878140103, createdName=ms4000001679566255, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:35:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=湖北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143274, encodeId=50ae21432e4c2, content=眼科医生路过,有帮助, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9c024791467, createdName=menghao9134, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:18:40 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143264, encodeId=b6e8214326419, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4dfa6526517, createdName=仁术2023, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:08:12 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-06-17 Mongolian 来自内蒙古

    凝血功能紊乱容易导致患者失血,围术期出血最严重的并发症是『低血容量性休克』,而休克患者也常发生凝血功能衰竭。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143263, encodeId=0f39214326392, content=『凝血功能紊乱』是麻醉医生在临床上经常遇到的问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3d3015017, createdName=jshbyywk2008, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:07:24 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143261, encodeId=61a92143261ba, content=凝血功能紊乱容易导致患者失血,围术期出血最严重的并发症是『低血容量性休克』,而休克患者也常发生凝血功能衰竭。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210925/20274508595745adb221d4af84f71a30/44cac845ab1e4a3a81ff3fe6373b97b0.jpg, createdBy=2a601767050, createdName=Mongolian, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 05:38:23 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=内蒙古), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143249, encodeId=dea2214324952, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d114843943, createdName=1013100771, createdTime=Fri Jun 16 23:59:27 CST 2023, time=2023-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143283, encodeId=269121432836f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 08:19:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143275, encodeId=b5ed21432e52f, content=确实很不错,这个结论很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a2878140103, createdName=ms4000001679566255, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:35:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=湖北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143274, encodeId=50ae21432e4c2, content=眼科医生路过,有帮助, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9c024791467, createdName=menghao9134, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:18:40 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143264, encodeId=b6e8214326419, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4dfa6526517, createdName=仁术2023, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:08:12 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-06-16 1013100771 来自辽宁省

    谢谢分享

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143263, encodeId=0f39214326392, content=『凝血功能紊乱』是麻醉医生在临床上经常遇到的问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3d3015017, createdName=jshbyywk2008, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:07:24 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143261, encodeId=61a92143261ba, content=凝血功能紊乱容易导致患者失血,围术期出血最严重的并发症是『低血容量性休克』,而休克患者也常发生凝血功能衰竭。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210925/20274508595745adb221d4af84f71a30/44cac845ab1e4a3a81ff3fe6373b97b0.jpg, createdBy=2a601767050, createdName=Mongolian, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 05:38:23 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=内蒙古), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143249, encodeId=dea2214324952, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d114843943, createdName=1013100771, createdTime=Fri Jun 16 23:59:27 CST 2023, time=2023-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143283, encodeId=269121432836f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 08:19:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143275, encodeId=b5ed21432e52f, content=确实很不错,这个结论很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a2878140103, createdName=ms4000001679566255, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:35:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=湖北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143274, encodeId=50ae21432e4c2, content=眼科医生路过,有帮助, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9c024791467, createdName=menghao9134, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:18:40 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143264, encodeId=b6e8214326419, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4dfa6526517, createdName=仁术2023, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:08:12 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-06-17 ms4000001739841053 来自四川省
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143263, encodeId=0f39214326392, content=『凝血功能紊乱』是麻醉医生在临床上经常遇到的问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3d3015017, createdName=jshbyywk2008, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:07:24 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143261, encodeId=61a92143261ba, content=凝血功能紊乱容易导致患者失血,围术期出血最严重的并发症是『低血容量性休克』,而休克患者也常发生凝血功能衰竭。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210925/20274508595745adb221d4af84f71a30/44cac845ab1e4a3a81ff3fe6373b97b0.jpg, createdBy=2a601767050, createdName=Mongolian, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 05:38:23 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=内蒙古), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143249, encodeId=dea2214324952, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d114843943, createdName=1013100771, createdTime=Fri Jun 16 23:59:27 CST 2023, time=2023-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143283, encodeId=269121432836f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 08:19:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143275, encodeId=b5ed21432e52f, content=确实很不错,这个结论很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a2878140103, createdName=ms4000001679566255, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:35:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=湖北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143274, encodeId=50ae21432e4c2, content=眼科医生路过,有帮助, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9c024791467, createdName=menghao9134, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:18:40 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143264, encodeId=b6e8214326419, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4dfa6526517, createdName=仁术2023, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:08:12 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-06-17 ms4000001679566255 来自湖北省

    确实很不错,这个结论很重要

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143263, encodeId=0f39214326392, content=『凝血功能紊乱』是麻醉医生在临床上经常遇到的问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3d3015017, createdName=jshbyywk2008, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:07:24 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143261, encodeId=61a92143261ba, content=凝血功能紊乱容易导致患者失血,围术期出血最严重的并发症是『低血容量性休克』,而休克患者也常发生凝血功能衰竭。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210925/20274508595745adb221d4af84f71a30/44cac845ab1e4a3a81ff3fe6373b97b0.jpg, createdBy=2a601767050, createdName=Mongolian, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 05:38:23 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=内蒙古), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143249, encodeId=dea2214324952, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d114843943, createdName=1013100771, createdTime=Fri Jun 16 23:59:27 CST 2023, time=2023-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143283, encodeId=269121432836f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 08:19:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143275, encodeId=b5ed21432e52f, content=确实很不错,这个结论很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a2878140103, createdName=ms4000001679566255, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:35:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=湖北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143274, encodeId=50ae21432e4c2, content=眼科医生路过,有帮助, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9c024791467, createdName=menghao9134, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:18:40 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143264, encodeId=b6e8214326419, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4dfa6526517, createdName=仁术2023, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:08:12 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-06-17 menghao9134 来自辽宁省

    眼科医生路过,有帮助

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143263, encodeId=0f39214326392, content=『凝血功能紊乱』是麻醉医生在临床上经常遇到的问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3d3015017, createdName=jshbyywk2008, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:07:24 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143261, encodeId=61a92143261ba, content=凝血功能紊乱容易导致患者失血,围术期出血最严重的并发症是『低血容量性休克』,而休克患者也常发生凝血功能衰竭。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210925/20274508595745adb221d4af84f71a30/44cac845ab1e4a3a81ff3fe6373b97b0.jpg, createdBy=2a601767050, createdName=Mongolian, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 05:38:23 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=内蒙古), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143249, encodeId=dea2214324952, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d114843943, createdName=1013100771, createdTime=Fri Jun 16 23:59:27 CST 2023, time=2023-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143283, encodeId=269121432836f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=415c5624067, createdName=ms4000001739841053, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 08:19:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143275, encodeId=b5ed21432e52f, content=确实很不错,这个结论很重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a2878140103, createdName=ms4000001679566255, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:35:25 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=湖北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143274, encodeId=50ae21432e4c2, content=眼科医生路过,有帮助, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9c024791467, createdName=menghao9134, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 07:18:40 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143264, encodeId=b6e8214326419, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4dfa6526517, createdName=仁术2023, createdTime=Sat Jun 17 06:08:12 CST 2023, time=2023-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-06-17 仁术2023

    不错,学习了。

    0

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