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Frontiers in Psychology:自我调节能帮助年轻人克服挫折吗?

2017-05-29 MedSci medicalxpress

考试不及格,工作被拒,或者被老师或上级责备,这些都可能导致绝望、失望或失败感。不幸的是,这样的挫折是任何人生活的一部分,并且可以从早期开始。在人的一生中必须要学会面对逆境,然而有些人似乎比别人更有处理得更好。在遇到困难的时候,有的人会放弃或崩溃,有的人适应力比较强,在压力下能够保持冷静。这常常使他们有机会利用自己的资源,并根据需要重新调整,而适应力差的人可能会变得情绪化,惊慌失措,失去控制。这是由

考试不及格,工作被拒,或者被老师或上级责备,这些都可能导致绝望、失望或失败感。不幸的是,这样的挫折是任何人生活的一部分,并且可以从早期开始。在人的一生中必须要学会面对逆境,然而有些人似乎比别人更有处理得更好。

在遇到困难的时候,有的人会放弃或崩溃,有的人适应力比较强,在压力下能够保持冷静。这常常使他们有机会利用自己的资源,并根据需要重新调整,而适应力差的人可能会变得情绪化,惊慌失措,失去控制。这是由什么造成的呢?

首先,适应力是一种后天习得的技能,而不是一种固定的性格特征。这意味着它可以通过学习获得,通常与行为、思想和行动有关。这说起来容易做起来难,尤其是对那些处于高风险社会排斥的年轻人来说。如何有效地获得适应力呢?

最近在《心理学前沿》上发表了一篇关于题为"适应力与自我调节的关系:西班牙年轻人面临社会排斥风险的研究"。西班牙国际拉各奥国立大学(UNIR)教授Raquel Artuch-Garde教授等分析了自我调节是否是适应力的良好预测因素。他们调查了365名15-21岁的西班牙学生,他们学业差,没有必需的资格证书,这些因素后来在很大程度上限制了其进入就业市场。

"我们想知道,如果这些学生准备好克服逆境,他们能否在这个体系中生存得更好。" 该研究显示了两个基本的非认知技能之间的关系:在受社会排斥的学生的教育过程中,适应力和自我调节是同等重要的,甚至比认知方面更重要。"Artuch-Garde教授说。

事实上,从错误中学习是适应力的一个主要预测因素,尤其是应对和信心、坚韧和适应以及对消极情况的宽容。研究表明,帮助这些年轻人通过获得自我调节技能,例如设定目标和在失策后调整路径,从逆境中恢复,使他们在学校和生活中表现得更好。

根据阿图-加德教授的解释,结果表明,"研究学生的长处,超越学术或技术领域,并帮助他们积极应对生活中遇到的不利情况。"

她进一步得出结论: "通过研究风险学生的自我调节技能,我们鼓励他们去适应并规划一个积极的生活方案且将其保护好,这反过来又减少了导致社会排斥的辍学率。"

原文出处: Raquel Artuch-Garde et al, Relationship between Resilience and Self-regulation: A Study of Spanish Youth at Risk of Social Exclusion, Frontiers in Psychology (2017).

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    2018-02-22 anminleiryan
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    2017-05-30 海棠胜雪

    提高适应力,拥有正能量

    0

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    2017-05-30 lou.minghong

    适应力是后天习得的技能

    0

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    2017-05-29 微笑人参

    克服困难,要吃苦

    0

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