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Stroke : 华西医院新发现:无症状的烟雾病,有何临床特点?

2021-09-29 Freeman MedSci原创

MMD中三种类型的无症状半球是确定的,具有独特的血管学和血流动力学特征

Moyamoya病(MMD)是一种慢性脑血管疾病,在1957年首次被描述为双侧Willis环的主要分支和基底神经节区域的烟状血管网的进行性狭窄或闭塞。颅内出血和脑缺血是主要的发病形式;其他常见形式包括继发性癫痫和认知障碍。根据定义,MMD可以影响患者的左、右半球。然而,事实上,并非所有的MMD患者都出现双侧症状,这就强调了MMD中的症状半球和无症状半球的概念。


目前MMD的治疗主要是通过脑血管重建手术(颅内外搭桥手术、间接血管重建或联合血管重建)治疗有症状的半球,以改善脑灌注。然而,MMD中无症状的半球过去被认为是无症状的,没有引起足够的重视。


但据报道,无症状半球在病程失代偿期的某个时候可以发展为有症状半球,并带来不可逆的脑损伤。在日本进行的第一次全国性多中心调查,重点是无症状的MMD患者,报告说每年有3.2%的中风风险。

此外,随着磁共振检查的广泛使用,无症状MMD的发病率可能比以前认为的要高。因此,需要对无症状的半球进行更好的描述,以指导管理策略。

藉此,华西医院的Haogeng Sun等人,回顾了MMD患者中无症状和有症状半球的临床和影像学特征,重点是关于血管形态和脑灌注的影像学特征。然后,定义了3种类型的无症状半球,并研究了它们的差异以及它们与有症状半球的关联。

他们回顾单中心MMD患者连续病例中无症状和有症状的半球的临床和影像学特征,重点是关于血管形态和脑灌注的影像学特征。MMD半球被分为5种类型:出血性半球、缺血性半球、单侧出血性MMD的无症状半球、单侧缺血性MMD的无症状半球以及MMD的双侧无症状半球。血管造影特征由Suzuki的血管造影阶段来评估,而血流动力学特征由梗死前时期阶段来评估。

他们纳入了194名MMD患者,累及共388个半脑。单侧出血性MMD的无症状半球与出血性半球基本相似,与MMD的双侧无症状半球和单侧缺血性MMD的无症状半球相比,两者的Suzuki血管造影阶段更晚,血流动力学衰竭程度更低。

单侧缺血性MMD的无症状半球与缺血性半球相似,与MMD的双侧无症状半球和单侧出血性MMD的无症状半球相比,

两者的Suzuki血管造影阶段较低,血流动力学失败程度较高。MMD的双侧无症状半球与其他半球不同,其Suzuki的血管造影阶段较晚,血流动力学衰竭程度较低。

这个研究的重要意义在于发现了:MMD中三种类型的无症状半球是确定的,具有独特的血管学和血流动力学特征。这两个特征的不同组合可以反映这些不同无症状半球的病理演变趋势。



原文出处:
Sun H, Li W, Xia C, et al. Angiographic and Hemodynamic Features in Asymptomatic Hemispheres of Patients With Moyamoya Disease. Stroke. Published online September 22, 2021. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.035296

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    2021-09-30 fengyqf
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J Neurosurg:烟雾病脑室旁出血可能与脉络膜血管吻合有关

研究发现Moyamoya 病患者的脉络膜侧枝血管是将来发生脑出血的重要原因。

Radiology:对于烟雾病搭桥术后血管重建的评价,只知道DSA还远远不够!

烟雾病是一种病因不明的、以双侧颈内动脉末端及大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉起始部慢性进行性狭窄或闭塞为特征,并继发颅底异常血管网形成的一种脑血管疾病。

JNNP:烟雾病间接血运重建术后新生血管生成的预测因素:一项10年随访研究

烟雾病(Moyamoya disease,MMD)是一种罕见的慢性进行性脑血管疾病,其特征是远端颈动脉狭窄和闭塞,近端大脑中动脉和前动脉,并伴有小侧支血管网的形成。脑动脉硬化症(EDAS)已成为MMD

JAHA:烟雾病青年人颅外全身性动脉病的筛查

RNF213是烟雾病(MMD)的主要易感基因,其特征是颅内动脉慢性进行性狭窄闭塞。但是,颅外动脉病变在少数病例和MMD患儿中偶有发生。

Radiology:BOLD功能磁共振成像在烟雾病中的应用

评估脑组织缺血性风险是脑血管疾病诊断的一项基本任务。目前临床上可通过使用CT、MRI或SPECT监测脑组织血流量,以达到检测脑缺血的目的。

拓展阅读

WJP:宣武医院揭示远隔缺血适应可降低烟雾病儿童缺血性脑血管事件的发生

远隔缺血适应可能是儿童烟雾病的一种有前景治疗方法。对于无症状的儿童烟雾病,长期RIC耐受性良好,可以降低缺血性脑血管事件的发生率,延长手术等待时间。

European Radiology:烟雾病中与认知障碍相关的胆碱能通路脑白质高信号

近年来,WMH在烟雾病中的重要性越来越受到关注,关键的是,MMD中的WMH有可能通过血管重建手术或药物治疗逆转。

European Radiology:血管壁MRI在烟雾病中的应用及价值

近年来,MRI血管壁成像(VWI)已被用于评估较大的血管。一些研究也报道了VWI在颅内疾病中的应用,其中就包括烟雾病。

Neurology:解放军总医院发文烟雾病和大脑后动脉受累患儿的临床病程、治疗和远期结局

PCAi 在 MMD 患儿中并不少见,这凸显了长期密切临床监测的必要性,尤其是在具有 PCA 进展高危因素的患者中。

【指南与共识】烟雾病诊断标准——2021修订版

该修订版覆盖了烟雾病的方方面面,包括烟雾病的概念、影像学诊断标准、类烟雾病(烟雾综合征)的概念等。

【论著】颈动脉比值与烟雾病患者大脑后动脉病变累及的相关性研究

探讨颈动脉比值(DRICA/ CCA)与烟雾病患者大脑后动脉(PCA)病变累及的相关性。

烟雾病的诊断与治疗

0 · 2021-03-05

2023 AHA/ASA科学声明:成人烟雾病和综合征—当前观点和未来方向

美国心脏协会(AHA,American Heart Association) · 2023-08-23

2021 JSS指南:烟雾病的管理

日本卒中学会(JSS,Japan Stroke Society · 2022-02-22

烟雾病治疗中国专家共识

中国神经内科相关专家小组(统称) · 2019-09-30

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