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阴茎癌爱找中老年男性,出现这几个症状要警惕!

2020-10-15 39健康网 39健康网

来自贵州的63岁的吴伯,在今年初出现龟头糜烂,偶有渗血,但却羞于启齿,一直没有到医院治疗,只是自行用消毒液清洗,但症状却越来越严重。

来自贵州的63岁的吴伯,在今年初出现龟头糜烂,偶有渗血,但却羞于启齿,一直没有到医院治疗,只是自行用消毒液清洗,但症状却越来越严重。今年9月,吴伯在当地医院被诊断为“阴茎癌”,而且已经出现淋巴结转移。

中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院整形外科主任张金明教授充分评估病情后,为吴伯实施了阴茎癌扩大切除术,并将阴茎残端延长以保留排尿功能。术后第二天,吴伯已可以下床行走及自行排尿,术后两周顺利出院。

10月28日是“世界男性健康日”,张金明教授提醒广大男性患者,生殖系统出现异常或不适一定要尽快就医,切勿因为羞于启齿而延误治疗。

龟头糜烂却羞于启齿,不料竟是阴茎癌!

据吴伯回忆,他在今年年初发现龟头位置糜烂,表面披覆脓性分泌物,龟头表面散在颗粒状肉芽组织突起,糜烂位置偶有渗血,排便时偶有尿道口流血。但由于羞于启齿,吴伯一直未到医院检查,只是自行用消毒液清洗。后来龟头糜烂面积逐渐增大,并向阴茎位置蔓延,脓性分泌物及创面渗血均显着增多,排便时尿道口出血也更加频繁,出血量增多,颜色鲜红。

吴伯家属发现后,经过反复劝说后吴伯终于同意到当地医院就诊。通过阴茎溃烂组织的病理检查,吴伯被诊断为“阴茎鳞状细胞癌”。当地医院考虑吴伯阴茎糜烂时间久、病程长,立即为他进行会阴部磁共振检查,却很遗憾的发现“腹股沟淋巴结和髂血管区淋巴结转移”。

为了获得更好的治疗效果,吴伯及家属立即要求转到中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院进一步治疗。转到该院整形外科时,吴伯阴茎糜烂严重,龟头和约60%的阴茎已缺损,糜烂面披覆脓性分泌物伴恶臭,PET-CT检查发现“双侧腹股沟和右侧髂血管区淋巴结转移”。

整形外科主任张金明教授充分评估吴伯病情后,制定了“阴茎癌扩大切除+阴茎残端延长+阴囊皮瓣转移+尿道外口成形+双侧腹股沟淋巴结、右侧髂血管区淋巴结清扫术”的手术方案。术中将阴茎残端延长,术后不影响患者排尿。术后吴伯恢复良好,术后第二天已下床行走及自行排尿,术后两周顺利出院。

中老年男性易“中招”,出现症状尽早就医

张金明教授介绍,阴茎癌起源于阴茎头、冠状沟和包皮内板黏膜及阴茎皮肤,随着肿瘤发展最终可达整个阴茎,包括海绵体及尿道,甚至浸润到周围组织、淋巴结,从而出现远处转移,是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤,其预后较差。

阴茎癌最常见于50-70岁的中老年男性,包茎、吸烟、炎症刺激、性伴侣数量和人乳头瘤病毒感染等均是促进阴茎癌变的因素。

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)可能是阴茎癌和宫颈癌的致癌因素,有关资料表明,阴茎癌的性伴侣中,宫颈癌的发病率高于正常组3~8倍。

包茎和包皮过长也是致病因素之一,有资料显示44%-90%的阴茎癌患者合并有包茎或包皮过长,包皮环切术能有效防止此病。在犹太民族中,新生儿即行包皮环切术,阴茎癌极罕见,伊斯兰民族3~5岁行包皮环切术,其阴茎癌发病率明显低于未行包皮环切术的人群。在美国,阴茎癌发病率为1/10万,未行包皮环切术阴茎癌发生的风险为1/600,细菌产物包皮垢长期刺激包皮和阴茎头是阴茎癌发生的最重要的原因。

张金明教授提醒,阴茎癌的典型症状为阴茎头部丘疹、溃疡、疣或菜花样斑块、有脓性恶臭分泌物,因此出现这些症状时要尽快就医

阴茎癌的治疗主要以外科手术为主,放化疗及其他治疗为辅助措施。手术治疗分为原发病灶切除及淋巴结清扫。起源于阴茎体、包皮、龟头等部位的原发病灶切除大多以开放手术切除为主,其手术方式包括包皮环切术、阴茎局部、部分或全切术。对于转移淋巴结清扫的标准存在较大争议,常见的有开放和利用腹腔镜两种方式进行清扫,清扫范围也没有一定的标准,主要有腹股沟区、盆腔淋巴结转移病灶。

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最近,有研究人员确定了巴西的马拉尼昂州中诊断为阴茎癌的患者的流行病学、组织病理学和临床特征情况,该地区是世界上发病率最高的地区。研究人员在2016年7月到2018年10月之间对116名阴茎癌患者进行了调查。大多数患者居住在乡村地区(57%),从事农业(58%),低水平教育或者没有受过教育(90%),结婚或者处于稳定的关系(74%)。平均年龄为60.4±16.51岁(范围为23-93岁)。研究发现,

IJIR:人乳头状病毒(HPV)状态影响阴茎癌前期病变治疗结果

阴茎上皮瘤变(PeIN)是阴茎癌的前体,可能未分化或分化。前者与高风险的人乳头状病毒(HPV)有关,并与p16的过表达相关。患者阴茎上可能会出现红色斑块或者病变,有时也会影响性行为。

NCCN临床实践指南:阴茎癌(2020.V1)

2020年1月,美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)发布了阴茎癌指南2020年第1版,指南主要内容涉及: 指南更新摘要 初级评估,临床诊断 Tis,Ta期疾病初级治疗 T1,T2或更晚期疾病初级治疗 不明显腹股沟淋巴结的管理 体积不大的腹股沟淋巴结的管理 体积较大的腹股沟淋巴结的管理 巨大腹股沟淋巴结的管理 监测时间表 复发性疾病的管理 转移性疾病的管控 手术治疗原则 放射治疗原则 化疗原则 分期

NCCN临床实践指南:阴茎癌(2018.V2)

2018年3月,美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)发布了阴茎癌指南2018年第1版,指南主要内容涉及: 指南更新摘要 初级评估,临床诊断 Tis,Ta期疾病初级治疗 T1,T2或更晚期疾病初级治疗 不明显腹股沟淋巴结的管理 体积不大的腹股沟淋巴结的管理 体积较大的腹股沟淋巴结的管理 巨大腹股沟淋巴结的管理 监测时间表 复

NCCN临床实践指南:阴茎癌(2019.V1)

2018年12月,美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)发布了阴茎癌指南2019年第1版,指南主要内容涉及: 指南更新摘要 初级评估,临床诊断 Tis,Ta期疾病初级治疗 T1,T2或更晚期疾病初级治疗 不明显腹股沟淋巴结的管理 体积不大的腹股沟淋巴结的管理 体积较大的腹股沟淋巴结的管理 巨大腹股沟淋巴结的管理 监测时间表 复发性疾病的管理 转移性疾病的管控 手术治疗原则 放射治疗原则 化疗原则 分期

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