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专家:姑息治疗帮助肿瘤患者提高生活质量

2015-10-20 许晓华、刘婧婷 人民网

10月19日到23日是中国镇痛周,在癌症治疗领域,帮助肿瘤患者缓解病痛,提高生活质量,很多情况下需要通过姑息治疗实现。 北京大学肿瘤医院姑息治疗中心主任刘巍表示,肿瘤的姑息治疗强调重视全程管理和控制。WHO在肿瘤工作的综合规划中确定了肿瘤预防、早期诊断、根治治疗和姑息治疗四项重点,姑息治疗已成为“肿瘤立体综合诊疗体系”的重要一环,对处于疾病各期的患者,都有重要意义。 早期肿瘤可以选择姑息治疗

10月19日到23日是中国镇痛周,在癌症治疗领域,帮助肿瘤患者缓解病痛,提高生活质量,很多情况下需要通过姑息治疗实现。

北京大学肿瘤医院姑息治疗中心主任刘巍表示,肿瘤的姑息治疗强调重视全程管理和控制。WHO在肿瘤工作的综合规划中确定了肿瘤预防、早期诊断、根治治疗和姑息治疗四项重点,姑息治疗已成为“肿瘤立体综合诊疗体系”的重要一环,对处于疾病各期的患者,都有重要意义。

早期肿瘤可以选择姑息治疗

一名患者到医院治疗肿瘤,医生首先问:“你现在疼吗?”这名患者听完这句话竟然热泪盈眶,说:“感谢您,我就是希望现在不疼。”

刘巍认为,这个病例恰恰从一个侧面,在一定程度上反映了姑息治疗的第一个阶段——在诊断或治疗疾病初期,如果患者有疼痛等症状,医生有必要首先控制症状,再谈下一步治疗,制定最适合的治疗方案,决定手术治疗,还是放疗或化疗。为患者“私人定制”出最佳的治疗方案。

“疼痛作为患者的第五大生命体征,应得到足够的关注,尤其是在疾病诊疗的早期。”刘巍说。

而抗肿瘤过程中,如果患者出现恶心、便秘等不适或并发症,采取相应的方式减轻症状,积极的干预不良反应和减轻痛苦也是姑息治疗的范畴。

肿瘤姑息治疗的第一层境界就是面向可能根治的患者,采用抗肿瘤与姑息相结合的方式,保障治疗期间的生活质量。正如心理社会肿瘤学缔造者吉米.霍兰教授所讲:医学不仅仅是装在瓶子里的药!不仅仅关注“人的疾病”,更要关注“生病的人”。

帮助患者与瘤和平共处

虽然医疗水平不断提升,但肿瘤的早诊早治仍然存在很多困难,患者一般不会主动到医院就诊,而一旦出现症状到医院,极有可能已是中晚期。对于这部分中晚期患者,抗肿瘤治疗可能已经不能使其获益,但姑息治疗在此时却可以发挥作用。

“当抗肿瘤治疗可能不再获益时,这个阶段以姑息治疗为主,主要对象为无法根治的中晚期患者,让他们在舒适的状态下,带瘤生存,让患者学会将肿瘤视为一种像高血压糖尿病一样的慢性病,缓解症状,减轻痛苦,改善生活质量。”刘巍表示,这需要内科、疼痛、康复、心理干预、中医、护理,营养等多种手段的结合。

临终关怀保留生命尊严

姑息治疗的最后一层境界就是临终关怀,也是国人对姑息最初的印象,即让生命有尊严从容辞世。

“晚期恶性肿瘤患者,临终前两礼拜还在强化治疗,插着各种管子,在某种程度上说,是在延续死亡,而姑息治疗倡导让患者舒适进入临终状态,这一点是尤其需要患者家属了解和理解配合的。”刘巍说。

姑息治疗最早来自临终关怀,民众对此有误解是可以理解的,但现在需要让公众了解,临终关怀是姑息治疗的重要方面,姑息治疗严重不等于临终关怀。我们更着意患者能够安详、舒缓、宁静辞世,给予患者及家属心理、灵性、社会支持,乃至做好居丧服务。

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    2015-12-10 三三五五

    是的,关注生病的人

    0

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    2015-10-20 m510429

    提高生活质量很重要

    0

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    2015-10-20 Guoxj3234

    0

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    2015-10-20 lixh1719

    关键是何时姑息,何时下猛药吃不准

    0

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