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Nutr Metab:间歇节食有利于糖尿病控制的机制被揭示

2020-05-02 科学院 科学院

热量限制(calorie restriction, CR),简称节食,被认为是一种能够改善代谢并延长寿命的营养干预手段。因为持续的节食在实际应用中存在一定难度,近年来有人提出了间歇性节食的概念。但间歇

热量限制(calorie restriction, CR),简称节食,被认为是一种能够改善代谢并延长寿命的营养干预手段。因为持续的节食在实际应用中存在一定难度,近年来有人提出了间歇性节食的概念。但间歇性节食和持续性节食孰优孰劣尚不清楚,中科院上海营养与健康研究所陈雁研究组对这一问题进行了研究,最新研究成果以“Comparison of glycemic improvement between intermittent calorie restriction and continuous calorie restriction in diabetic mice”为题8月28日发表在营养代谢领域国际期刊Nutrition & Metabolism上。

陈雁课题组博士生韦思颖等人利用STZ诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠模型和db/db 2型糖尿病小鼠模型系统分析了多种节食方案对糖尿病的干预功效。该研究利用了一种“模拟节食饮食”(fasting-mimicking diet, FMD)对小鼠进行了间歇性热量限制。实验中所用的FMD富含多种植物成分,是一种低蛋白高纤维的食物。首先,他们比较了不同方案的间歇性节食对于糖尿病的干预效果,即2-5方案和5-9方案,2-5方案中使用FMD饮食2天、然后自由进食5天,5-9方案中使用FMD 5天、然后自由进食9天。使用FMD期间,每天的总热量摄入为正常进食的1/3。在两个糖尿病小鼠模型中,这两种节食方案都能显著降低空腹血糖,但在2型糖尿病小鼠模型中5-9方案优于2-5方案。

研究人员仔细比较了间歇性节食与持续性节食对糖尿病的干预功效,持续性节食的小鼠在实验期间的食物总热量与间歇性节食的总热量相同,但采用每天节食。在1型糖尿病小鼠模型中,间歇性节食和持续性节食都能显著降低空腹血糖,改善糖耐量,并改善胰岛素敏感性,两种节食方法没有显著差异。但在2型糖尿病小鼠模型中,间歇性节食对糖尿病的干预效果优于持续性节食,表现在更佳的空腹血糖降低,更良好的糖耐量和胰岛素敏感性。


图示:4组小鼠的胰岛免疫荧光染色,可以看出2型糖尿病小鼠的胰岛β细胞数量显著降低,而在间歇性节食干预之后明显增加。

研究人员也尝试寻找了间歇性节食干预糖尿病的可能机制。发现两种节食方法都能增加胰岛β细胞(即胰腺中分泌胰岛素的细胞)的数量,而在2型糖尿病小鼠模型中,间歇性节食能够更显著的提升胰岛β细胞的数量。另外,在肝脏和骨骼肌中,间歇性节食能够增加这些组织对胰岛素的敏感性。因此,这些研究结果提示间歇性节食可能通过增加胰岛β细胞的数量并提升外周组织对胰岛素的敏感性来干预糖尿病的进程。

研究人员在研究过程中还有其它一些有趣的发现。长期以来,人们都认为节食能够改善糖尿病是因为节食降低体重,但本研究发现间歇性节食控制糖尿病不是因为降低体重。例如在对2型糖尿病小鼠采用5-9进食方案后,间歇性节食不会降低体重,而持续性节食可以降低体重,但间歇性节食对于糖尿病的干预效果优于持续性节食。另外,通过比较间歇性给予FMD进行节食与间歇性给予普通饲料进行节食,还发现这两种间歇性节食都能降低空腹血糖,但采用FMD节食对胰岛素敏感性的改善效果优于普通饲料节食,提示了间歇性采用FMD节食不失为一种有效干预糖尿病的方法。

总而言之,该项研究揭示了间歇性节食是一种有效的糖尿病营养干预手段,由于2-5节食方案也能有效的控制糖尿病,而一周2天的饮食控制在人群中更加容易接受,因此这一研究为未来糖尿病的人群干预实验的展开奠定了理论基础。

该课题获得了国家自然科学基金委员会,科技部以及中科院等经费的支持。感谢北京珍百年生物科技有限公司免费提供FMD产品。

 

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    2020-09-13 guojianrong
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896648, encodeId=53a9189664860, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Fri Oct 16 15:17:45 CST 2020, time=2020-10-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1985667, encodeId=1122198566e71, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e859e2831e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#间歇节食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97283, encryptionId=5e859e2831e, topicName=间歇节食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/xkicoVBAnV4HxvdCqC1viaW8wdLQdN9hVP9icgqqDsxC6UVPjfhogdfc2iaU1xNUMVlFl5QicicWrjWQBTsVye5ngOQQ/132, createdBy=f92f2500185, createdName=ms7405317358118777, createdTime=Sun Jan 10 10:17:45 CST 2021, time=2021-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888138, encodeId=41d2188813857, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sun Sep 13 03:17:45 CST 2020, time=2020-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414146, encodeId=2b5a14141467c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e215868e93c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#节食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86879, encryptionId=e215868e93c, topicName=节食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=da0d3042812, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Mon May 04 11:17:45 CST 2020, time=2020-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039235, encodeId=4adc10392355a, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Sat May 02 23:17:45 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1043107, encodeId=26f5104310eb4, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Sat May 02 23:17:45 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=382430, encodeId=f1193824304e, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Sat May 02 22:10:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=382429, encodeId=5b07382429fa, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Sat May 02 22:09:48 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-05-04 lsndxfj
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    2020-05-02 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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    2020-05-02 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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    2020-05-02 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

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    2020-05-02 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

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