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香港科大叶玉如团队研发简单血液测试可及早检测阿尔茨海默病

2021-06-29 JACKZHAO MedSci原创

香港科技大学28日宣布,该校领导的一支国际研究团队成功研发出简单可靠的血液检测方法,能及早筛查并识别阿尔茨海默病患者,准确率逾96%。

HKUST’s Vice-President (Research and Development) Prof. Nancy IP (Middle) and her research team members - including doctoral student Mr. Jason JIANG Yuanbing (second left) who is the first author of this research paper.

香港科技大学28日宣布,该校领导的一支国际研究团队成功研发出简单可靠的血液检测方法,能及早筛查并识别阿尔茨海默病患者,准确率逾96%。

香港科大新闻稿称,目前医生对于AD患者的诊断主要依靠对患者认知能力的测试,至于就AD病情的病理评估,最常使用的医疗程序是以脑部成像和腰椎刺穿术来侦测由AD引起的大脑病变。但有关方法费用昂贵、具侵入性,并且难以被世界各地获广泛应用。

现在,由科大副校长(研究及发展)叶玉如教授领导的研究团队,从 429 种与 AD相关的血浆蛋白中,识别出19 种具有AD患病特征的血浆蛋白生物标志物组群。团队根据这组标志物,设计了一套评分系统,可将 AD 患者自健康人群中区分出来,其准确率超过 96%。该系统还能辨别AD早、中及晚期三个阶段,可用作监测患者的病情发展。

研究團隊所識別出來的19種血漿蛋白生物標誌物組群(圖中黃點) 具有AD的患病特徵,與健康的人士不同。

研究团队所识别出来的19种血浆蛋白生物标志物组群(图中黄点) 具有AD的患病特征,与健康的人士不同

科大与英国伦敦大学学院研究团队以及香港威尔士亲王医院和伊利沙伯医院等临床医生合作,收集香港阿尔茨海默病患者的血浆样本,并检测了超过1000种蛋白质的水平变化情况。

叶玉如教授及其团队利用中国病人数据,成功研发出首个能及早筛查并识别阿尔兹海默症患者的血液检测方法,准确率逾 96%。

在科大副校长兼科大分子神经科学国家重点实验室主任叶玉如领导下,研究团队从429种与阿尔茨海默病相关的血浆蛋白中识别出19种具有阿尔茨海默病患病特征的血浆蛋白生物标志物组群,继而设计了一套评分系统,可将阿尔茨海默病患者从健康人群中区分出来,准确率超过96%。该系统也能辨别阿尔茨海默病早、中和晚期三个阶段,可用作监测患者的病情发展。

有关研究结果近日刊载于国际权威科学期刊(Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association)《阿尔茨海默病与认知障碍症:阿尔茨海默病病人协会期刊》。

据统计,全球罹患AD的人口数目已超过 5,000万。患者会丧失脑细胞,并岀现一系列脑功能及认知功能障碍,包括丧失记忆,以及出现行动、推理和判断能力受损等症状。然而,尽管AD 早在症状出现前至少10-20 年已对患者大脑产生显著影响,患者却往往只在记忆出现问题时,才会寻求医生诊治。

去年,《柳叶刀·公共卫生》在线发表了一项关于中国60岁以上人群的痴呆症研究,研究称,我国60岁及以上老年人中痴呆患者约有1507万人,其中阿尔茨海默病患者983万人。

研究发现,中国60岁及以上成年人痴呆患病率为6.0%。其中,阿尔茨海默病为3.9%,血管性痴呆为1.6%,其他痴呆为0.5%。中国60岁及以上人群中有痴呆患者1507万人,其中,阿尔茨海默病患者983万人,血管性痴呆患者392万人,其他痴呆患者132万人。轻度认知障碍患病率为15.5%,患病人数约有3877万人。

叶玉如教授团队这项发现将有利于及早发现阿尔茨海默病,防治具有积极意义。

参考资料:

Jiang Y, Zhou X, Ip FC, et al. Large-scale plasma proteomic profiling identifies a high-performance biomarker panel for Alzheimer’s disease screening and staging. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. 2021. doi: 10.1002/alz.12369

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    2021-07-01 lqvr
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