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更快新陈代谢让人脑更大

2016-05-13 Stephen R. Ross 《自然》

近日,发表在《自然》上的一则研究显示,多亏新陈代谢率的增加,人类演化出比其他灵长类动物更大的大脑。这项研究还表明,人类可能演化出比其他灵长类动物更高的体脂率,是为了给人们更广泛的新陈代谢提供能量储备。和其他灵长类动物相比,人类活得更久、生育更多、体脂率更高、消化系统更小,而大脑更大。这些特征都需要更多的新陈代谢,意味着人和猿之间在能量消耗和分配上有显著差异。然而,这些差异背后的机制并不明确。美国纽

近日,发表在《自然》上的一则研究显示,多亏新陈代谢率的增加,人类演化出比其他灵长类动物更大的大脑。这项研究还表明,人类可能演化出比其他灵长类动物更高的体脂率,是为了给人们更广泛的新陈代谢提供能量储备。

和其他灵长类动物相比,人类活得更久、生育更多、体脂率更高、消化系统更小,而大脑更大。这些特征都需要更多的新陈代谢,意味着人和猿之间在能量消耗和分配上有显著差异。然而,这些差异背后的机制并不明确。

美国纽约亨特学院Herman Pontzer与团队对141名人类每日能量消耗进行了直接测量,同时对所有已知物种的大型类人猿也进行了测量,并且对存档数据进行了重新分析。他们发现,人类演化出了更快的代谢速率与更高的能耗,每天总能量消耗比黑猩猩与倭黑猩猩高400千卡,比大猩猩高635千卡,比红毛猩猩高820千卡。

研究人员表示,总能量消耗高出部分中主要来自人类更高的基础代谢率,基础代谢率指的是身体在静止状态下保持身体运转的能量,以千卡每日为单位。基础代谢率更高说明内脏的代谢更活跃。最后,研究者显示人类和其他灵长类动物相比,还演化出了更高的体脂率,并认为这种与更高总能耗的协同演化是为了减轻更高能量需求的风险。                          
                                           
                                           
                                           

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    2016-05-18 三毛坨

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    2016-05-18 三毛坨

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