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Cell Death & Dis:光感基因调控技术抑制神经胶质瘤的生长增殖

2013-11-14 中科院先进院 中科院先进院

近日,Nature Publishing Group (NPG)下的国际学术期刊 Cell Death & Disease (2012 影响因子6.044;35/184 Cell Biology) 发表了中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院医工所神经工程研究中心王立平及杨帆、屠洁、潘建青、罗慧莉等研究组成员的最新成果:光感基因调控技术抑制神经胶质瘤的生长增殖。【原文下载】 胶质瘤是中枢神经系统发

近日,Nature Publishing Group (NPG)下的国际学术期刊 Cell Death & Disease (2012 影响因子6.044;35/184 Cell Biology) 发表了中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院医工所神经工程研究中心王立平及杨帆、屠洁、潘建青、罗慧莉等研究组成员的最新成果:光感基因调控技术抑制神经胶质瘤的生长增殖。【原文下载

胶质瘤是中枢神经系统发病率最高的肿瘤,占全身恶性肿瘤发病的2%-3%,其恶性程度及其致死率和致残率均很高。传统的放疗、化疗和生物治疗方法等虽可以在一定程度抑制神经胶质瘤生长,但由于这些方法对胶质瘤细胞治疗无高度选择性且副作用大等缺点,因而一种针对胶质瘤细胞高选择性和靶向性的干预技术不仅是针对胶质瘤这一疾病的基础研究需要,也是探索未来新的治疗手段的需求。

本项研究的立足点在于:胶质瘤细胞细胞膜的极性变化可以影响细胞内的分子信号通路,从而在胶质瘤的存活,生长,转移中发挥重要作用。如何实现精准地调节胶质瘤细胞的膜状态,进而靶向性的、单纯的调节肿瘤细胞的分子信号传导通路,进而实现调控肿瘤的增殖和分化是本项研究重点解决的问题。

为实现上述研究目的,杨帆、屠洁等将光感基因调控技术(Optogenetics, 译为光遗传技术)运用到肿瘤生物学的研究中。他们首先将光基因(ChETA)转染到神经胶质瘤细胞系和原代胶质瘤细胞,通过蓝光来精细调控胶质瘤细胞膜电生理特性,发现光照射可以选择性地显著降低胶质瘤细胞的存活率。进一步分析发现,蓝光照射可以干扰胶质瘤的细胞周期分布,抑制细胞周期因子表达和DNA的合成并明显增加线粒体依赖性的细胞凋亡,表现为胶质瘤细胞线粒体膜电位的降低和细胞色素c的增加。动物在体实验显示:蓝光照射后可以明显抑制神经胶质瘤的增长速度;将光基因转染到颅内原位的神经胶质瘤组织,并采用蓝光照射后可以抑制肿瘤的原位生长并显著提高荷瘤小鼠的存活率。进一步分析发现光照射可以抑制胶质瘤细胞的在体增殖,促进凋亡的神经胶质瘤细胞数量增多。

体外和动物在体的一系列实验研究表明:通过光感基因调控技术,可以调节神经胶质瘤细胞的膜电生理特性,从而进一步抑制胶质瘤细胞的生长增殖和促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。在此项目中,通过与北京天坛医院江涛课题组合作,在国际上首次实现了光敏感基因在人体来源的胶质瘤细胞中的功能性表达和光调控下电活动的记录。

本项研究解析了光感基因调控对神经胶质瘤增殖的影响效果及其分子机制,以及光感基因调控对皮下和原位颅腔神经胶质瘤生长的作用效果及其可能机制;探索了一条应用光感基因神经调控技术在肿瘤发生、调控和干预机制研究中应用的新思路;还建立并完善了一套较为完整的可应用于动物体内、体外光刺激的技术平台和科研装置研发平台。此项研究不仅对神经胶质瘤细胞生物学研究提供了新的研究途径,还将为研究肿瘤细胞的细胞膜特征以及细胞内离子变化对肿瘤增殖、凋亡的作用机制研究开辟了一个新的窗口。

该研究获得中国科学院、国家自然科学基金委员会、科技部和深圳市等项目资助。

原文出处

Yang F, Tu J, Pan JQ, Luo HL, Liu YH, Wan J, Zhang J, Wei PF, Jiang T, Chen YH, Wang LP.Light-controlled inhibition of malignant glioma by opsin gene transfer.Cell Death Dis. 2013 Oct 31【原文下载

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    2013-11-16 cy0328
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