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SCIENCE:人类大脑大小的决定因素是什么?

2020-11-02 haibei MedSci原创

使用该组织筛选方法,研究人员已经提高了筛选通量,并测试173个小脑萎缩症候选基因,揭示出25个基因参与了已知和未定性的小脑萎缩症相关途经。

原发性小脑萎缩症是一种以头围大幅缩小为特征的神经发育疾病。遗传性的原发性小头综合征通常只涉及单基因突变。研究这些基因已经揭示了神经发生和人类大脑大小控制的关键机制。目前,已有27个基因被发现与小脑萎缩症相关,其中中心粒/纺锤体生物发生和DNA损伤反应代表了两条最常见的途径,受到了负面影响。

临床基因组测序数据已将另外100多个基因与该病联系起来,其中大部分基因尚未被深入研究。

研究这些基因在大脑发育和小头症中的作用是复杂的,并且缺乏合适的模型系统。人类二维细胞培养和小鼠模型往往不能完全重现患者表型。人类三维(3D)脑器官提供了一个机会,使我们可以在人类组织背景下详细研究小脑萎缩基因。

然而,大脑类器官还是存在以下几个缺点。在其中敲除单个基因功能是耗时的,因此比较大量的候选基因是目前不能实现的,此外,在3D模型中,系统的功能丧失(LOF)方法是不可用的。

最近,研究人员在SCIENCE杂志发文,报导其开发了一个人脑组织LOF测定方法,可用于高通量筛选。其建立了在异源组织进行细胞分辨率级别的CRISPR-LIneage追踪方法(CRISPR-LICHT),使平行LOF研究在人类大脑类器官组织可行。

使用该组织筛选方法,研究人员已经提高了筛选通量,并测试173个小脑萎缩症候选基因,揭示出25个基因参与了已知和未定性的小脑萎缩症相关途经。

尤为重要的是,研究人员证明,IER3IP1调节着对组织完整性至关重要的未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)和细胞外基质(ECM)蛋白分泌,其失调会导致小头症。

因此,该人体组织筛查技术可以识别小头症基因和脑大小控制的相关机制。

 

原始出处:

Christopher Esk et al. A human tissue screen identifies a regulator of ER secretion as a brain size determinant. SCIENCE (2020). DOI: DOI: 10.1126/science.abb5390

 

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    2020-11-04 docwu2019
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    2020-11-02 1e16b3b8m12(暂无匿称)

    基因

    0

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    2020-11-02 lovetcm

    原发性#小脑萎缩症#,这个研究想象力强!!以前记得早年有一个研究,发现小鼠与大象的细胞数量是一样的,大象之所以大,不是因为细胞数量多,而是因为细胞体积大,因此,发现了一个与体型大小相关的基因

    0

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    2020-11-02 小白痴

    需要

    0

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