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NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes:抗癌药变成夺命药,肠道菌群竟然还有这种“妖艳”的一面!

2017-11-06 TJU,Juka 转化医学网

我们采取药物治疗的时候,不同的人因为体质的不同往往会产生不同的反应。但是体质到底是怎么回事,很少有人能弄得清除。近期一项研究揭示了肠道菌群可能会告诉人们为什么有的药物服用下去反而会产生危害生命的副作用。

我们采取药物治疗的时候,不同的人因为体质的不同往往会产生不同的反应。但是体质到底是怎么回事,很少有人能弄得清除。近期一项研究揭示了肠道菌群可能会告诉人们为什么有的药物服用下去反而会产生危害生命的副作用。

爱因斯坦医学院的研究人员报告说,人体肠道微生物组成可能解释了为什么有些人在服用治疗转移性结肠直肠癌药物后会出现危及生命的反应。

而今天只提供在线阅读的开放性杂志《NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes》刊登的一项研究结果可以帮助预测哪些患者在服用药物后会出现副作用同时预防易感患者的并发症。

爱因斯坦医学院微生物与免疫学助理教授Libusha Kelly说:“我们已经知道基因会影响患者对药物的反应。现在,越来越清楚的是,肠道微生物和其他生活在消化道中的微生物也可能影响治疗效果。”

伊立替康是用于治疗已经扩散或转移到身体其他部位的结肠直肠癌的三种化疗药物之一。然而,高达40%的患者在注射伊立替康后会出现严重腹泻反应,严重者可致死亡。伊立替康以非活性形式进入体内。肝酶将其代谢成能够杀死癌细胞的活性形式并具有毒性,从而损害肠内膜而引起严重的副作用。Kelly博士强调:“可以想像,患者身体已经非常虚弱了,在给药后再引起肠道问题是非常危险的。然而伊立替康却是对抗癌症的重要手段。”

为了最大程度降低药物伊立替康的副作用,医生尝试使用口服抗生素来杀死产生酶的细菌。但是抗生素也能杀死保护性肠道微生物,包括那些抵抗致病细菌的微生物。研究人员发现选择性靶向大肠杆菌β-葡糖苷酸酶的药物可以降低伊立替康的毒性。

在该研究中,Kelly博士和她的同事们调查了机体微生物组成是否真的会使伊立替康产生毒性。研究人员收集了20名健康个体的粪便样品,并用灭活的伊立替康处理样品,根据是否可以重新激活药物对粪便样本进行分组。 20个人中有4人被发现是“高代谢者”,其余16人是“低代谢者”。

然后分析两组粪便样品的微生物组成差异,重点是β-葡糖苷酸酶的存在。研究人员发现,高代谢者的β-葡糖苷酸酶含量明显高于低代谢者。

Kelly博士说:“我们假设如果患者是高代谢人群,那么其服用伊立替康后出现副作用的风险将会大大提高。要想降低这种副作用,我们需要检查癌症患者的肠道微生物组成,这也是我们正在做的事情。”

研究结果表明,在注射伊立替康之前分析患者肠道微生物组成可在极大程度上预测患者是否会出现副作用。另外,如2010年小鼠研究结果所证实,可以通过使用抑制特异性β-葡糖苷酸酶的药物来预防不良反应。

原始出处:

Leah Guthrie,et al.,Human microbiome signatures of differential colorectal cancer drug metabolism.NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes.01 November 2017.

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    2018-05-21 sunylz
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    2018-10-10 xjy02
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    2018-10-13 pyaili
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    2017-11-08 sunylz
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    2017-11-08 longqijun254

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