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Alzheimer's & Dementia:研究确定了阿尔茨海默病的 11 个候选基因变异

2021-07-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

这些分析支持ABCA7和TTR作为 AD 风险基因

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的,不可逆和进行性形式的痴呆症。《世界阿尔茨海默病2018年报告》显示,每3秒钟,全球就有1名痴呆病患者产生。目前,全球至少有5000万痴呆患者,预计到2050年,将达1.52亿,其中约60%-70%为阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者。

遗传变异显著影响阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 风险,估计占总性状变异的 53%。迄今为止,针对 AD 的全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 已经确定了 30 多个基因中发生的常见变异。1尽管取得了这一进展,但据估计,超过 40% 的 AD 遗传变异仍未得到表征。

近期,最近发表在Alzheimer's & Dementia由肯塔基大学桑德斯-布朗老龄化中心研究员贾斯汀米勒博士合著的一项研究确定了 11 种罕见的阿尔茨海默病候选变体。研究人员在犹他州发现了 19 个不同的家庭,他们患阿尔茨海默病的频率高于正常情况。

在这项研究中,研究员对来自 高风险家系的19 个家庭的两个表亲进行了外显子组测序。使用 Agilent SureSelect XT 人全外显子 + UTR (v5) 捕获试剂盒从每个样品 2 μg DNA 制备 DNA 文库。在 Illumina HiSeq 2000 测序仪上对多达 150 个碱基对的双端读数进行测序。他们随后确定了两个表亲之间共有的遗传变异。

研究人员发现了跨越 10 个基因的 11 种罕见遗传变异,其中包括两个已知的阿尔茨海默病风险基因中以前未知的变异。

受 AD 影响的高风险表亲对包含 564 个共享的罕见变异。跨越 10 个基因的 11 个变异在外部数据集中被优先考虑:rs201665195 ( ABCA7 ) 和rs28933981 ( TTR ) 以前与 AD 病理学有关;rs141402160 ( NOTCH3 ) 和rs140914494 ( NOTCH3 ) 先前已被报道;rs200290640 ( PIDD1 ) 和rs199752248 ( PIDD1 ) 存在于不止一对表亲中;rs61729902 ( SNAP91 ), rs140129800 ( COX6A2 ,AC026471),和rs191804178MUC16)不存在于一个长寿队列; 和rs148294193 ( PELI3 ) 和rs147599881 ( FCHO1 ) 从 AD 相关表型的分析中接近显着性。通过与其他亲属(PELI3、ABCA7SNAP91)共分离的证据验证了三个变体。

这些分析支持ABCA7TTR作为 AD 风险基因,扩展了先前报告的NOTCH3变体鉴定,并优先考虑另外七个候选变体。

优先考虑的变体

“在阿尔茨海默病风险增加的人出现症状之前识别他们可能会导致更早和更有效的干预,”米勒说。“此外,我们分析高风险谱系的方法可用于优先考虑可能导致疾病的罕见遗传变异。”

虽然这一发现不会立即影响患者护理,但识别与疾病相关的遗传变异是识别可用于开发治疗方法的潜在药物靶点的第一步。

 

参考文献: Craig C. Teerlink et al, Analysis of high‐risk pedigrees identifies 12 candidate variants for Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's & Dementia (2021). DOI: 10.1002/alz.12397

 

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拓展阅读

权威解读!2024年阿尔茨海默病诊断标准更新,3大核心问题值得关注

新标准委员会重要成员之一,来自妙佑医疗国际的Clifford R. Jack Jr教授团队对新标准进行了深度解读,解读内容以评论形式发表于《自然-医学》。

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Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences:胆固醇谱分析揭示7β-羟基胆固醇作为阿尔茨海默病的病理相关外围生物标志物

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阿尔茨海默病靶向药已开出国内首方

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