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JACC:每10位年轻心梗患者就有1人为家族性高胆固醇血症,心梗前四成人没用他汀

2019-05-27 卢芳 中国循环杂志

一提家族性高胆固醇血症,好多人都会觉得是一种遗传性疾病,普通人离得较远。但实际上在早发心梗人群中并不少见。


一提家族性高胆固醇血症,好多人都会觉得是一种遗传性疾病,普通人离得较远。但实际上在早发心梗人群中并不少见。

近期发表在JACC上的一项研究显示,不到50岁的心梗患者中,几乎每10个人中就有1例有家族性高胆固醇血症。

而且,仅2/3的家族性高胆固醇血症出院时接受高强度他汀类药物治疗,绝大多数在1年时低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)升高。

研究者指出,这提示,年轻家族性高胆固醇血症和心梗后家族性高胆固醇血症血症给予强化的降脂治疗这一需求有必要加强。

研究显示,根据荷兰脂质诊所网络(DLCN)标准,所有纳入的不到50岁的心梗患者中,有9%诊断为可能和明确的家族性高胆固醇血症。

而这9%的患者中,42.8%的患者发生心梗前没有用过他汀类药物。

在所有心梗出院存活患者中,89.4%的家族性高胆固醇血症患者和89.9%的非家族性高胆固醇血症患者,接受了他汀类药物治疗;前者有63.3%接受了高强度他汀类药物,后者有48.4%接受了高强度他汀类药物。

随访1年时,家族性高胆固醇血症患者LDL-C水平降低了44.4%,非家族性高胆固醇血症患者降低了34.5%;LDL-C≥70mg/dl的患者比例在家族性高胆固醇血症患者中明显更高(82.2%vs64.5%)。

这项研究共纳入2000~2016年就诊于2个医疗中心不到50岁的心梗患者1996例,中位年龄45岁,19%为女性,54%为ST段抬高型心梗(STEMI)。其中180例(9%)诊断为可能和明确的家族性高胆固醇血症。

中国人群家族性高胆固醇血症发病和诊治情况也不容小觑。

之前,北京大学人民医院陈红等应用基因检测(LDLR、APOB、PCSK9和LDLRAP1)进行的研究显示,在早发心梗患者(男性≤55岁,在女性≤60岁)中家族性高胆固醇血症的患病率为4.4%。

目前指南推荐,成人家族性高胆固醇血症的LDL-C水平应该控制在<2.5mmol/L;如果患者有冠心病或糖尿病,则目标LDL-C<1.8mmol/L。

但研究者发现,在伴有家族性高胆固醇血症的早发心梗患者中,LDL-C控制较差,仅1例患者LDL-C<2.5mmol/L,无1例患者LDL-C<1.8mmol/L。

陈红等认为,临床实际中家族性高胆固醇血症的漏诊和治疗存在较大问题,应该引起广泛关注。

原始出处:

 Avinainder Singh, Ankur Gupta Bradley L. Collins, et al. Familial Hypercholesterolemia Among Young Adults With Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll of Cardiol, 2019, 73(19): 2439-2450.

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    2019-07-26 hbwxf
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    2019-05-29 爆笑小医
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    2019-05-29 wetgdt

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