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EHP:寒冷相关的呼吸系统疾病死亡风险增加35%,中国272个城市数据给出答案!

2022-02-25 小文子 MedSci原创

寒冷期与特异性死亡率之间存在相关性,老年人群更容易受到寒冷的影响,潜在风险可持续28天,10~15天达到高峰。

很少有多城市研究评估了寒冷期与死亡风险和负担之间的关系。Environ Health Perspect杂志的一项研究评估了寒冷天气与死亡率之间的联系,并评估中国的死亡率负担。

研究数据来源于中国2013~2015年272个城市具有代表性的疾病监测点系统(DSPS)数据库,根据我国气候类型的分类,272个城市可划分为5个气候带:温带季风区98个城市,温带大陆区27个城市,亚热带季风区141个城市,热带季风区3个城市,高寒区3个城市。从DSPS中提取每日死亡记录,基于ICD-10评估死亡原因,包括非意外死亡、心血管疾病、冠心病、中风、呼吸系统疾病和COPD。

根据研究期间的日平均温度分布,研究人员使用城市特定的相对阈值(第10、7.5、5和2.5百分位)定义寒冷期。同时还考虑寒冷期的不同持续时间:≥2 d(连续2 d或2 d以上)、≥3 d(连续3 d或3 d以上)、≥4 d(连续4 d或4 d以上)。根据定义将研究期间的天数分为寒冷期和非寒冷期,计算各城市原因特异性死亡率的相对风险(RR)。

结果显示,2013~2015年期间,272个城市寒冷季节日中位温度为7.2 ℃,四分位间距为9.3 ℃。对于寒冷期定义为P5且持续时间≥4d,非意外死亡率的累积RRs=1.39(95%CI: 1.15, 1.69),心血管疾病死亡率为1.50(95%CI: 1.19, 1.90),冠心病死亡率为1.66(95%CI: 1.20, 2.31),卒中死亡率为1.49(95% CI: 1.12, 1.97),呼吸系统疾病死亡率为1.35(95%CI: 0.95, 1.92),COPD死亡率为1.26(95%CI: 0.85, 1.87)。

由于热带季风区(3个城市)和高寒区(3个城市)的城市数量有限,以及温带大陆性气候区的寒冷期定义,累积RR估计值具有较高的统计不确定性。总之,温带季风和温带大陆区的累积RR估计值普遍高于亚热带季风区。对于寒冷期定义为P5且持续时间≥3d,温带季风区非意外死亡的估计RR为2.14(95%CI:1.51, 3.02),亚热带季风区为1.33(95%CI: 1.02, 1.74),RR估计值差异有统计学意义(0.81, 95%CI: 0.37, 1.25)。

结果表明,寒冷期与特异性死亡率之间存在相关性,老年人群更容易受到寒冷的影响,潜在风险可持续28天,10~15天达到高峰。不同气候带的易感人群和不同风险方面的发现,可能有助于建立区域特异性预测系统,以保护弱势群体免受寒冷期的危险影响。

原文出处:

Jian Lei, Renjie Chen, Peng Yin, et al, Association between Cold Spells and Mortality Risk and Burden: A Nationwide Study in China, Environmental Health Perspectives, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9284.

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