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Gene Dev:卵细胞受精后发生了什么?

2016-12-11 生物360 SeeSea 生物360 SeeSea

一个来自德国环境健康研究中心的科学团队发现精子和卵子结合形成受精卵后细胞核的环境会瞬间发生改变,这项研究或可解释为什么受精卵可以发育成所有的体细胞,相关研究最近发表在Genes and Development上。受精卵在形成幼体并出生之前几个月里发生的大量事件目前仍然是个黑洞,有许多问题不清楚,其中最重要的一个问题就是为什么这一个细胞可以发育成未来机体的所有细胞。而来自德国环境健康研究中心的表观遗

一个来自德国环境健康研究中心的科学团队发现精子和卵子结合形成受精卵后细胞核的环境会瞬间发生改变,这项研究或可解释为什么受精卵可以发育成所有的体细胞,相关研究最近发表在Genes and Development上。


受精卵在形成幼体并出生之前几个月里发生的大量事件目前仍然是个黑洞,有许多问题不清楚,其中最重要的一个问题就是为什么这一个细胞可以发育成未来机体的所有细胞。而来自德国环境健康研究中心的表观遗传和干细胞研究所(IES)主任Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla教授的目标就是解释这个过程,她同时还是慕尼黑大学的干细胞生物学教授。

“我们对受精卵分裂并发育成各个器官过程中发生的事件非常感兴趣,如皮肤、肝脏和心脏中的细胞是如何由受精卵发育而来的,”她解释道。现在,他们通过检测染色质——DNA及其周围蛋白组成的复合物——的方法似乎揭示了其中一些问题。“我们观察了受精后某些特定组蛋白的变化方式,这让我们提出了一个新的机理。”

小粘附、大效应

研究人员发现一种叫做组蛋白甲基转移酶的分子Suv4-20h2在染色质上游走并导致组蛋白接上一些甲基而发生甲基化,随后细胞的分裂和发育会受到限制。但是卵细胞一旦形成受精卵,甲基化就消失了,就可以开始发育成为新器官。

为了验证这些结果,研究人员在一个实验模型中检测了Suv4-20h2的活性对受精卵的影响。“我们发现在这种情况下,甲基仍然在组蛋白上,”论文第一作者、IES博士生Andre Eid解释道。“这阻止了受精卵的进一步发育,因此在第一次分裂之后就停止分裂。”

接下来的实验中,研究团队发现这个机理可能是由于甲基化的存在造成复制进程发生障碍,这种障碍导致复制停止,细胞周期也随之停止。

Torres-Padilla认为他们的结果为揭示染色质与细胞全能性(即细胞发育成各种其他细胞的能力)之间的复杂联系带来了曙光,这对人类胚胎学及一些特定的展现出类似生长机理的肿瘤而言是非常重要的一步。

原始出处:

André Eid, Diego Rodriguez-Terrones, Adam Burton1, and Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla. SUV4-20 activity in the preimplantation mouse embryo controls timely replication. Genes and Development. December 5, 2016.

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    2017-09-26 cy0324
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    2017-01-15 fzwish20000
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    2016-12-13 hxzhang

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