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JNNP:慢性炎性多发性神经根神经病中的寡克隆IgG带

2021-04-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多神经根神经病(CIDP)是一种获得性免疫介导的炎症性疾病,会有慢性进行性或复发性过程。需要结合临床和神经生理学特征进行诊断 。脑脊液限制性寡克隆IgG带(OCB)是免疫炎症性中枢神

慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多神经根神经病(CIDP)是一种获得性免疫介导的炎症性疾病,会有慢性进行性或复发性过程。需要结合临床和神经生理学特征进行诊断 。脑脊液限制性寡克隆IgG带(OCB)是免疫炎症性中枢神经系统疾病中的常见临床症状,尤其是在多发性硬化症,在一些慢性炎性神经病变患者中也有发现。 一些研究还分析了脑脊液单个IgG带, 在中枢神经系统炎症性疾病中更为常见, 特别是在多发性硬化症中。 脑脊液单个IgG带也有报道在少数周围神经系统疾病患者中出现。 然而,其意义尚不清楚。 

本文研究的目的是研究在诊断时观察到的连续CIDP患者的脑脊液特征,包括目前确定的实验室参数和较少研究的OCB,以确定可能有助于诊断和/或预后的特征。

研究人员招募了48名CIDP患者(34名男性,平均年龄59.4岁,范围16-83岁)。脑脊液分析包括白蛋白和IgG浓度的测定、QALB、QAlbLIM和鞘内IgG合成的计算以及OCBs的等电聚焦检测。与32例格林-巴利综合征(GBS)、18例抗髓鞘相关糖蛋白(MAG)抗体神经病变、4例多灶性运动神经病变和32例非炎性神经病变(NINPs)患者的脑脊液和血清进行比较。

脊髓穿刺时,CIDP患者的平均病程为2.9±4.6年,INCAT残疾评分中位数为2.0(范围0-7),I-RODS中位数为14(平均16.1,范围2-38)。关于共病,在CIDP患者中,4/48(8.3%)患者有多发性骨髓瘤(1例隐匿性IgAk,1例轻链骨髓瘤,2例IgGk),6/48(12.5%)患者有未确定的单克隆丙种球蛋白病(MGUS)(2例IgMλ,1例IgMk,2例IgGk,1例双MGUS IgGk+IgAλ)。CIDP合并MGUS患者抗MAG抗体阴性。在NINPs患者中,2/32(6.2%)患者(均为慢性淋巴细胞白血病)有IgG-MGUS(1个IgGk,1个IgGλ)。CIDP、抗MAG抗体神经病和NINPs患者在人口统计学特征上没有差异。

Figure 1

四组患者脑脊液蛋白浓度与QALB的相关性。CIDP,慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多神经根神经病;CSF,脑脊液;GBS,格林-巴利综合征;NINPs,非炎性神经病。

与NINPs相比,CIDP患者的脑脊液蛋白浓度(35.1±10.0 mg/dL)和GBS患者的脑脊液蛋白浓度(76.8±44.5 mg/dL,p=0.0013)均升高(63.4±58.2 mg/dL,p=0.032)。此外,CIDP组(26/48例,54.2%,p=0.0009)、GBS组(23/32例,71.9%,p<0.0001)和抗MAG组(10/18例,55.5%,p=0.0101)的脑脊液蛋白升高率高于NINPs组(5/32例,15.6%)。

CIDP和GBS患者的脑脊液白蛋白浓度(分别为p=0.044 和p<0.0001)和QALB(分别为p=0.0044 和p<0.0001)均显著高于NINPs患者。CIDP患者(18例轻度、6例中度、2例重度)、GBS患者(10例轻度、13例中度、1例重度)、NINPs患者(15.6%)和抗-MAG抗体神经病变患者(8例轻度、4例中度)中有26/48(54.2%)出现B-SNR-B损伤。在CSF蛋白浓度(p=0.27)、QALB(p=0.13)和QALB比率(p=0.29)以及BNB损伤频率(p=0.77)方面,典型和非典型CIDP之间没有观察到差异。在所有组中观察到CSF蛋白浓度与QALB比率之间的强相关性:CIDP(r:0.89,r2:0.79,p<0.0001)、GBS(r:0.71,r2:0.50,p<0.0001)、抗MAG抗体神经病变(r:0.92,r2:0.84,p<0.0001)和NINPs(r:0.82,r2:0.68,p<0.0001)。共有9例(19%)CIDP患者出现相同的血清和脑脊液OCBs ,而3例(16.6%)出现抗MAG抗体神经病,13例(40.6%)出现GBS,12.5%出现NINPs。只有1例CIDP患者表现出独特的脑脊液OCBs。无论脑脊液结果如何,一线治疗对80.4%的CIDP患者有效。

与NINP相比,CIDP、GBS和抗MAG抗体神经病变的CSF蛋白和血-脊神经根屏障损伤明显增加。鞘内体液免疫反应在CIDP患者中很少见。系统性寡克隆激活更为频繁,但与对照组无显著差异。

Ruiz MPuthenparampil MCampagnolo M, et al Oligoclonal IgG bands in chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathies
与NINP相比,CIDP、GBS和抗MAG抗体神经病变的CSF蛋白和血-脊神经根屏障损伤明显增加。鞘内体液免疫反应在CIDP患者中很少见。系统性寡克隆激活更为频繁,但与对照组无显著差异。

 

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    2021-05-25 jml2009

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