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Gastroenterology:生长抑素类药物在青年女性多囊肝患者中疗效更佳

2013-10-09 tiancai_erbao DXY

研究热点: 1.前期临床试验数据表明,生长抑素类药物治疗多囊肝患者存在很大的个体差异。且多项试验数据均提示生长抑素类药物可能对多囊肝患者中某一特殊人群有着最佳的治疗效果。 2.作者检索了近年来关于生长抑素类药物治疗多囊肝的随机、安慰剂对照临床试验数据,将其中个体数据按照诊断、性别、年龄、肝脏体积划分为不同的群组,在此基础上进行了一项个体患者数据的汇集分析。 3.结果发现,在青年女性患者中

研究热点:

1.前期临床试验数据表明,生长抑素类药物治疗多囊肝患者存在很大的个体差异。且多项试验数据均提示生长抑素类药物可能对多囊肝患者中某一特殊人群有着最佳的治疗效果。

2.作者检索了近年来关于生长抑素类药物治疗多囊肝的随机、安慰剂对照临床试验数据,将其中个体数据按照诊断、性别、年龄、肝脏体积划分为不同的群组,在此基础上进行了一项个体患者数据的汇集分析。

3.结果发现,在青年女性患者中,经生长抑素类药物治疗6-12个月后,效果最佳。在这一人群中,可以完全防止疾病的进一步发展。

临床试验数据表明,与对照组相比,多囊肝患者短期应用生长抑素类药物可有效缩小肝脏体积4.5%-5.9%。然而生长抑素类药物的治疗效果个体差异很大。荷兰内梅亨大学医学中心消化内科TOM J. G. GEVERS等人利用随机、安慰剂对照临床试验中的个体数据进行了一项个体患者数据的汇集分析,以了解使用生长抑素类药物治疗的多囊肝个体患者的相关资料以判断究竟哪个亚群对生长抑素类药物治疗反应最佳。【原文下载

作者分析了来自3项随机、安慰剂对照实验中107名患者的数据信息(其中67名使用生长抑素类药物,52名服用安慰剂)。采用多元线性回归的方法分析患者的年龄、性别、基础肝脏大小以及诊断(包括常染色体显性多囊肝或肾病)这些因素,究竟哪些因素可以影响生长抑素类药物的治疗效果。初级结局指标为经治疗6-12个月后肝脏体积的变化情况。

结果发现生长抑素类药物的治疗效果在不同诊断、不同基础肝脏大小的病人中并无显著差异。生长抑素类药物治疗组和安慰剂组肝脏体积的整体差异为5.3%(P < .001)。在安慰剂组患者中,青年女性多囊肝患者(年龄小于等于48岁者)肝脏体积增加最为明显(4.8%,95%可信区间2.2-7.4%),而平均肝脏体积在老年女性以及男性患者中无明显增加。同样,与老年女性相比较(与安慰剂组相比较肝脏体积缩小4.1%,P=.022),年龄小于等于48岁的青年女性患者对治疗的应答最佳(与安慰剂组相比较肝脏体积缩小8.0%,P < .001)。
基于上述多囊肝个体患者数据的汇集分析结果,作者指出,在一般多囊肝患者及常染色体显性遗传多囊肾病、多囊肝病患者中使用生长抑素类药物治疗具有相同的效果。该类药物的治疗效果与肝脏的基础大小无关。在青年女性患者中,经生长抑素类药物治疗6-12个月后,效果最佳。在这一人群中,可以完全防止疾病的进一步发展。

研究背景:

多囊肝通常指非寄生虫性肝囊肿。其真正的发病率尚不清楚,目前临床上的病例有增多的趋势,其原因与B超、CT等影象学诊断方法普及有关。多囊肝大多数为先天性,系肝内胆小管发育障碍所致。在胚胎发育时期,多余的胆管自行退化而不与远端胆管连接;若肝内多余胆管未发生退化和吸收,并逐渐呈分节状和囊状扩张,则可形成多囊肝。多囊肝常伴有多囊肾、胰腺囊肿、肺或脾囊肿及其他畸形,如脑动脉瘤、憩室、双输尿管、马蹄肾或室间隔缺损等,亦可作为其先天发育异常的佐证。多囊肝可发生于同一家庭的不同成员,属非显性遗传。

多囊肝的囊肿多数呈多发性,少数为单发性,也有因多房性融合成单发性。多囊肝绝大多数累及全肝,囊内含清亮的无胆汁的液体,肝脏增大变形,肝表面可见大小不一的灰白色囊肿,肝切面呈蜂窝状。囊肿亦可密集于肝的一叶,以右叶受累较多。囊肿大小可自针尖大小至8~10cm,但极少超过10cm。囊液可多至2000ml。囊壁薄内可有清液、浆液、胶状液,有出血或感染时可为血性或脓性,其中不含胆汁,比重常为1.010。囊肿一般随年龄增加而缓慢增大,在重症病例中需要进行肝移植达到治疗目的。

常染色体显性遗传性多囊肝病通常表现为孤立的囊肿,也可以作为常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病的肾外表现。目前针对多囊肝的治疗主要是采用手术切除的方法以减小肝脏体积达到减轻肝肿大机械力造成的症状。虽然在可以进行手术治疗的患者中手术效果良好,但因多囊肝的发病率较高,且手术治疗并不能改变疾病的发展,所以寻找新的更为有效的治疗方法是很有必要的。

生长抑素类药物,如兰瑞肽、奥曲肽、帕瑞肽等可以通过减少肝囊肿中环磷酸腺苷的产生而达到减小肝脏体积的目的。一项随机、安慰剂对照临床实验表明,使用奥曲肽6个月可以有效的、安全的缩小常染色体显性遗传性肾病肾脏体积的大小。3项随机、安慰剂临床实验研究证实长时间应用兰瑞肽或奥曲肽治疗可以有效逆转多囊肝患者肝脏体积的增长。多项研究均表明使用生长抑素类药物治疗具有相似的临床应答,与安慰剂组相比较,肝脏体积缩小在4.5%至5.9%之间。

然而,在上述随机安慰剂对照临床试验中,在不同人群中生长抑素类药物治疗效果个体差异很大,肝脏体积缩小范围从300ml至1500ml不等。而且也有2项试验表明治疗前基础肝脏体积大的多囊肝患者治疗后肝脏体积缩小较治疗前肝脏体积小的患者更为明显。多囊肝患者肝脏体积增大的主要危险因素是年龄以及性别为女性,也就是说这两个因素可能也会影响生长抑素类药物的治疗效果。

虽然有一项试验结果指出,生长抑素类药物治疗多囊肝疾病及常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病的治疗效果时一样的,但该项研究缺乏有力的证据支持结论。上述研究结果提示生长抑素类药物很可能对其中某个特殊人群效果最为明显。因多囊肝患者数目较少,在单独的随机、安慰剂对照临床试验中又将某些特殊人群排除在研究对象之外,所以对这些研究结果进行荟萃分析评估综合后的治疗效果是可以的,但是若从中进行人群异质性的分析则无法很好的进行。

为了克服这些局限性并增加研究数据的可靠性,我们利用这些随机、安慰剂对照临床试验中的个体数据进行了一项个体患者数据的汇集分析,将研究对象人群按照诊断、性别、年龄、肝脏体积划分为不同的族群进行分析,以了解是否不同的多囊肝患者亚群对生长抑素类药物反应性不同。

原文检索

Gevers TJ, Inthout J, Caroli A, Ruggenenti P, Hogan MC, Torres VE, Nevens F, Drenth JP.Young women with polycystic liver disease respond best to somatostatin analogues: a pooled analysis of individual patient data.Gastroenterology. 2013 Aug;145(2):357-65.e1-2. 【原文下载

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