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单样本分析,统计方法如何选?

2020-01-02 李侗桐 医咖会

1、是否进行单样本分析?单样本分析主要用于:(1)对变量进行描述;(2)对比样本与已知分布的差异。单样本分析中仅包含一个变量的一组数据。举例来说,研究者拟分析50-60岁男性的血压情况。其中,血压是该研究中唯一的变量,50-60岁男性是唯一的分组,没有其他数据,这时就适合使用单样本分析。当然,单样本分析也常作为其他统计分析的基础出现在多数报告中,帮助研究者了解各变量的基本情况。单样本分析的示例如下

1、是否进行单样本分析?

单样本分析主要用于:(1)对变量进行描述;(2)对比样本与已知分布的差异。

单样本分析中仅包含一个变量的一组数据。举例来说,研究者拟分析50-60岁男性的血压情况。其中,血压是该研究中唯一的变量,50-60岁男性是唯一的分组,没有其他数据,这时就适合使用单样本分析。当然,单样本分析也常作为其他统计分析的基础出现在多数报告中,帮助研究者了解各变量的基本情况。单样本分析的示例如下:



2、 判断研究目的

单样本分析主要分描述分析和分布检验两类。

其中描述分析主要反映数据的集中趋势和离散程度。比如,研究50-60岁男性的血压情况时,需要了解血压的均值、中位数、标准差、偏度等描述性统计指标。

分布检验主要提示研究样本与已知或假设总体的关系,即研究样本是否服从正态分布、均匀分布、指数分布以及泊松分布等。

比如,研究50-60岁男性的血压时,研究者需要分析血压样本的分布情况,检验其是否满足正态分布。再比如,分析队列中每年因吸烟死于肺癌的人数时,需检验数据是否满足泊松分布。描述分析和分布检验的区别如下:

3、选择检验方法

3.1 描述分析

① 连续变量

均值和标准差。许多检验方法都可以输出连续变量的集中趋势(如均值)、离散程度(如标准差)以及数据形状(如偏度)。

②分类变量

频数。SPSS也可以输出分类变量的集中趋势(如中位数)、离散程度(四分位间距)以及绝对频数(如频次)、相对频数(如百分比)和四分位数等。

3.2 分布检验

① 连续变量

Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验。该检验可用于判断数据是否服从正态分布、均匀分布、指数分布或泊松分布。

②有序分类变量或无序分类变量

卡方拟合优度检验。该检验适用于分析分类变量是否服从已知或假设分布。

③二分类变量

二项分布检验。该检验适用于分析二分类变量是否服从已知或假设分布,可用卡方拟合优度检验代替。

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    2020-08-16 zhzhxiang
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669417, encodeId=44a6166941e9b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d7b620395d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#样本#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62039, encryptionId=9d7b620395d, topicName=样本)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f33226554040, createdName=zhzhxiang, createdTime=Sun Aug 16 05:49:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377911, encodeId=7ef83e791130, content=学习了很有用不錯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Jan 08 01:46:27 CST 2020, time=2020-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1542979, encodeId=6f1515429e9a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f53e894718' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#统计方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78947, encryptionId=3f53e894718, topicName=统计方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=127213510199, createdName=12498761m60暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jan 04 01:49:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377703, encodeId=f3a53e770382, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/icRMfxTtOCJWk0s4OJh1WbPU1mX2vIDicTfsZufa29e9pJBwpo146oFGRkTt8JhTpUvY90kHmicSGbPicYDA5iclqbg/132, createdBy=3ce02400485, createdName=123529afm09暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Jan 02 14:32:47 CST 2020, time=2020-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-01-08 飛歌

    学习了很有用不錯

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669417, encodeId=44a6166941e9b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d7b620395d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#样本#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62039, encryptionId=9d7b620395d, topicName=样本)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f33226554040, createdName=zhzhxiang, createdTime=Sun Aug 16 05:49:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377911, encodeId=7ef83e791130, content=学习了很有用不錯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Jan 08 01:46:27 CST 2020, time=2020-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1542979, encodeId=6f1515429e9a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f53e894718' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#统计方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78947, encryptionId=3f53e894718, topicName=统计方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=127213510199, createdName=12498761m60暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jan 04 01:49:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377703, encodeId=f3a53e770382, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/icRMfxTtOCJWk0s4OJh1WbPU1mX2vIDicTfsZufa29e9pJBwpo146oFGRkTt8JhTpUvY90kHmicSGbPicYDA5iclqbg/132, createdBy=3ce02400485, createdName=123529afm09暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Jan 02 14:32:47 CST 2020, time=2020-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-01-02 123529afm09暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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