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JAMA:升糖指数的高低对心血管疾病危险因素和胰岛素敏感性没有影响

2014-12-30 angletears 译 MedSci原创

Glycemic index,简称GI,中文全称“血糖生成指数”,简称“升糖值”。是指在标准定量下(一般为50克)某种食物中碳水化合物引起血糖上升所产生的血糖时间曲线下面积和标准物质(一般为葡萄糖)所产生的血糖时间下面积之比值,它反映了某种食物与葡萄糖相比升高血糖的速度和能力,是反映食物引起人体血糖升高程度的指标,是人体进食后机体血糖生成的应答状况。最近,来自美国马萨诸塞州波士顿布莱根妇女医院的S

Glycemic index,简称GI,中文全称“血糖生成指数”,简称“升糖值”。是指在标准定量下(一般为50克)某种食物中碳水化合物引起血糖上升所产生的血糖时间曲线下面积和标准物质(一般为葡萄糖)所产生的血糖时间下面积之比值,它反映了某种食物与葡萄糖相比升高血糖的速度和能力,是反映食物引起人体血糖升高程度的指标,是人体进食后机体血糖生成的应答状况。


最近,来自美国马萨诸塞州波士顿布莱根妇女医院的Sacks FM等人,发表在JAMA的一篇临床研究旨在验证:膳食中碳水化合物升糖指数的高低对心血管疾病和糖尿病的危险因素的影响。
这是一项随机交叉对照试验,163名超重的成年人(收缩压是120-159 mm Hg)被纳入研究,试验中提供给受试者四组完整的饮食方案(包括正餐、零食和含卡路里的饮料),每一种饮食方案都要坚持5周,每位受试者至少要完成2种饮食方案的测试。第一位受试者从2008.04.01加入此研究,最后一名受试者在2010.12.22结束试验。

试验采取的干预方案:1)高升糖指数(65%)的高碳水化合物饮食(占总能量的58%)饮食;2)低升糖指数(40%)的高碳水化合物饮食;3)高升糖指数的低碳水化合物(占总能量的40%)饮食;4)低升糖指数的低碳水化合物饮食。每一种饮食方案都遵循健康的DASH类型的饮食模式。
试验中主要的测量指标:胰岛素的敏感性,口服葡萄糖耐量试验中血糖和胰岛素水平的曲线下面积,LDL-c的水平,HDL-c的水平,甘油三酯,收缩压。

结果显示:在高碳水化合物饮食中,低升糖指数组与高升糖指数组相比,胰岛素的敏感性从8.9降至7.1单位(-20%,P = .002),LDL-c水平从139升至147 mg/dL (6%, P ≤ .001),但是对HDL—c、甘油三酯、血压没有影响。在低碳水化合物饮食中,低升糖指数组与高升糖指数组相比,除了甘油三酯水平从91降至86 mg/dL (-5%, P = .02)外,其他研究结果不受影响。在基本的饮食对照组,低升糖指数的低碳水化合物饮食,与高升糖指数的高碳水化合物饮食相比,除了甘油三酯水平从111 降至86mg/dL外,胰岛素的敏感性、收缩压、LDL-c、HDL-c不受影响。

结合试验结果,文章得出结论:低升糖指数的碳水化合物饮食与高升糖指数的碳水化合物饮食相比,并没有在胰岛素敏感性、脂质水平、收缩压方面表现出明显改善效果。在总体的DASH饮食背景下,使用升糖指数来选择膳食并不能改善心血管疾病的危险因素或胰岛素抵抗。

注释:DASH饮食是由1997年美国的一项大型高血压防治计划(Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension;DASH)发展出来的饮食,在这项计划中发现,饮食中如果能摄食足够的蔬菜、水果、低脂(或脱脂)奶,以维持足够的钾、镁、钙等离子的摄取,并尽量减少饮食中油脂量(特别是富含饱和脂肪酸的动物性油脂),可以有效地降低血压,因此,现在常以DASH 饮食来作为预防及控制高血压的饮食模式。

原始出处:

Sacks FM1, Carey VJ2, Anderson CA3, Miller ER 3rd4, Copeland T2, Charleston J5, Harshfield BJ2, Laranjo N2, McCarron P6, Swain J7, White K6, Yee K7, Appel LJ5.Effects of high vs low glycemic index of dietary carbohydrate on cardiovascular disease risk factors and insulin sensitivity: the OmniCarb randomized clinical trial.JAMA. 2014 Dec 17;312(23):2531-41. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.16658.


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    2015-06-08 ljjj1053

    好好学习学习

    0

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    2015-10-29 baoya
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