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2014年脂肪性肝病研究进展概述

2015-04-01 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院 徐承富 厉有名 医学论坛报

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)和酒精性肝病(ALD)统称脂肪性肝病,是临床最常见的慢性肝病,其患病率近年来逐年上升。脂肪性肝病一方面可向肝硬化甚至肝癌等终末期肝病进展,另一方面还显著加剧糖尿病、高血压病、冠心病等代谢性疾病的发生发展,构成日益严峻的公共卫生问题。纵观2014年,脂肪性肝病研究方兴未艾,本文就2014年脂肪性肝病领域的部分进展作一概述。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)和酒精性肝病(ALD)统称脂肪性肝病,是临床最常见的慢性肝病,其患病率近年来逐年上升。脂肪性肝病一方面可向肝硬化甚至肝癌等终末期肝病进展,另一方面还显著加剧糖尿病高血压病、冠心病等代谢性疾病的发生发展,构成日益严峻的公共卫生问题。纵观2014年,脂肪性肝病研究方兴未艾,本文就2014年脂肪性肝病领域的部分进展作一概述。
        
不容忽视的流行现状
        
西方国家普通成人NAFLD患病率为20%~30%,亚洲国家略低,但呈现快速增长趋势。尤其在中国,病毒性肝炎得到有效控制,但脂肪性肝病却以惊人的速度在增长,NAFLD和ALD已占据了约2/3的中国慢性肝病。
        
香港学者冯(Fung)等的一项样本量为2493例的研究报道,调查人群的NAFLD患病率高达42%,而NAFLD中肝纤维化和肝硬化的比例分别为1.2%和0.002%。王(Wong)等的一项前瞻性队列研究应用质子磁共振波谱技术测定肝内甘油三酯含量、超声瞬时弹性成像技术评估肝纤维化程度,测得人群的NAFLD患病率为29%,随访3~5年结果显示,该组人群新发NAFLD比例为13.5%。
        
儿童NAFLD患病率的快速增长也是逐渐凸显的问题。韩国学者杨(Yang)等对儿童健康促进中心(n=218)及儿童肥胖诊所(n=178)中的儿童进行调研,结果显示两个中心儿童NAFLD患病率分别为8.7%和71.9%。
        
在ALD方面,世界卫生组织发布的《2014年酒精与健康全球状况报告》显示:2012年全球因有害使用酒精造成330万人死亡,超过获得性免疫缺陷综合征、肺结核、暴力事件死亡人数的总和,占全球死亡总数的5.9%。据报道,中国已成为全球仅次于英国的第二大酗酒大国。韩国学者邦(Bang)等对韩国2000年至2009年十年间的数据回顾性分析以评估ALD在韩国的流行趋势,结果显示2000年及2009年ALD的死亡率分别为每10万人2.98和7.21,其中男性明显高于女性,且在超过40岁的年龄组显著增高;酒精性肝硬化的死亡率分别为16.3%和78.1%,提示ALD已成为韩国最严重的肝脏疾病之一。国内学者王(Wang)等对我国东北地区7295例调查对象的横断面研究结果显示,ALD患病率为8.55%,其中男性显著高于女性(男性15.76%;女性1.42%,P,在40~49岁年龄组患病率最高。
        
休戚相关的肝外疾病
       
脂肪性肝病与肝外疾病的关系研究近年来逐渐受到关注。NAFLD与心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、慢性肾病等肝外疾病密切相关。既往观点认为,脂肪性肝病仅仅是心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、慢性肾病等肥胖相关疾病的伴随状态;但越来越多的证据表明,脂肪性肝病是预测心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、慢性肾病等疾病的独立危险因素。
        
韩国学者宋(Sung)等的一项研究报道,5年随访过程中新患脂肪性肝病的调查对象,高血压病发病风险显著升高[比值比(OR)=1.60,95%可信区间(CI)=1.30~1.96];然而随访过程中脂肪性肝病消失的调查对象,高血压病发病风险并未明显降低(OR=1.21,95%CI=0.90~1.63)。意大利学者穆索(Musso)等开展的一项荟萃分析结果显示,NAFLD患者慢性肾病患病率(OR=2.12,95%CI=1.69~2.66))和发病率[风险比(HR)=1.79,95%CI=1.65~1.95)显著高于普通人群;非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)患者的慢性肾病患病率(OR=2.53,95%CI=1.58~4.05)和发病率(HR=2.12,95%CI=1.42~3.17)显著高于单纯性脂肪肝患者;进展期肝纤维化患者的慢性肾病患病率(OR=5.20,95%CI=3.14~8.61)和发病率(HR=3.29,95%CI=2.30~4.71)显著高于非进展期肝纤维化患者。
        
脂肪性肝病与肌少症、认知缺陷等疾病也存在一定联系。肌少症是以骨骼肌质量及其力量下降为特征的一类临床综合征,与NAFLD存在共同的病理生理基础,如胰岛素抵抗、维生素D缺乏和身体活动减少等。
        
韩国学者弘(Hong)等的一项研究报道NAFLD和肌少症存在关系。该研究将腹部CT测量的肝衰减指数(LAI)作为NAFLD的诊断参数,双能X线吸收测量法测得的骨骼肌质量指数(SMI)来诊断肌少症,在校正年龄和性别因素后,LAI和SMI均与胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、超敏C反应蛋白、臂踝脉搏波速度、甘油三酯、丙氨酸氨基转移酶及总体脂含量负相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)正相关。校正混杂因素后的多元回归分析结果显示,SMI与NAFLD患病风险显著相关。
        
在2014年美国神经病学协会年会上发表的一项研究结果显示,NAFLD与认知缺陷也存在独立相关性。该研究人员对5662例受试者进行了简单反应时间测试(SRTT)、数字符号替代测试(SDST)和串行数字学习测验(SDLT)等三项认知功能测试。在调整年龄、性别、种族、体质指数、腰围、高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、急性心肌梗死和中风等因素后,研究人员发现NAFLD与SRTT、SDST及SDLT中的认知缺陷有关;NAFLD患者在SDLT中的认知结果与丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶等血清肝酶水平存在相关性,而未患NAFLD个体的认知功能和血清肝酶水平没有相关性。
        
专家一句话点评
        
“脂肪性肝病已成为临床最常见的慢性肝病,不仅可向终末期肝病进展,还显著增加多种代谢性疾病的发病风险。提高对脂肪性肝病的认识,积极推动疾病防治工作,对于减轻其临床危害有着重要意义。”
        ――厉有名
        
2014脂肪肝领域大事件
       
■当今的中国,病毒性肝炎得到有效控制,但脂肪性肝病却以惊人的速度在增长,NAFLD和ALD已占据了约2/3的中国慢性肝病。
        
■世界卫生组织发布的《2014年酒精与健康全球状况报告》显示:2012年全球因有害使用酒精造成330万人死亡,超过艾滋病、肺结核、暴力事件死亡人数的总和,占全球死亡总数的5.9%。据报道,中国已成为全球仅次于英国的第二大酗酒大国。
        
■2014年更多的研究表明,脂肪性肝病是预测心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、慢性肾病等疾病的独立危险因素。脂肪性肝病与肌少症、认知缺陷等疾病也存在一定联系。
       
■2014年世界胃肠病学组织(WGO)发布NAFLD和NASH全球指南。NASH或有NASH危险因素的患者应先接受饮食和运动治疗,建议以减重5%~10%为目标,减少日常饮食25%的热量,提倡营养素全面的适度限制热量的饮食,运动建议每周3~4次,运动强度以达到该年龄组最大心率的60%~75%为标准。

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    2015-11-01 xjbtdbs150wgf

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    0

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42153, encodeId=74b642153d5, content=认真学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151101/IMG5635562CC617F7689.jpg, createdBy=bf351605554, createdName=xjbtdbs150wgf, createdTime=Sun Nov 01 17:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1808073, encodeId=0fc018080e3a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c2781262c8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝病研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81262, encryptionId=9c2781262c8, topicName=肝病研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=346311, createdName=bnjfy, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 08:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1810017, encodeId=8151181001e77, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70f484349b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84349, encryptionId=70f484349b5, topicName=脂肪性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c49e75, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 08:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1653967, encodeId=08a1165396ec6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1e1584351b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪性肝病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84351, encryptionId=1e1584351b2, topicName=脂肪性肝病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Tue Dec 29 11:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19487, encodeId=0dcf1948e3f, content=嗯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 09:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19486, encodeId=c9181948651, content=很不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 09:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380477, encodeId=791c13804e780, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Fri Apr 03 00:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-25 qjddjq
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42153, encodeId=74b642153d5, content=认真学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151101/IMG5635562CC617F7689.jpg, createdBy=bf351605554, createdName=xjbtdbs150wgf, createdTime=Sun Nov 01 17:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1808073, encodeId=0fc018080e3a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c2781262c8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝病研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81262, encryptionId=9c2781262c8, topicName=肝病研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=346311, createdName=bnjfy, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 08:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1810017, encodeId=8151181001e77, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70f484349b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84349, encryptionId=70f484349b5, topicName=脂肪性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c49e75, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 08:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1653967, encodeId=08a1165396ec6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1e1584351b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪性肝病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84351, encryptionId=1e1584351b2, topicName=脂肪性肝病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Tue Dec 29 11:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19487, encodeId=0dcf1948e3f, content=嗯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 09:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19486, encodeId=c9181948651, content=很不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 09:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380477, encodeId=791c13804e780, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Fri Apr 03 00:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42153, encodeId=74b642153d5, content=认真学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151101/IMG5635562CC617F7689.jpg, createdBy=bf351605554, createdName=xjbtdbs150wgf, createdTime=Sun Nov 01 17:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1808073, encodeId=0fc018080e3a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c2781262c8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝病研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81262, encryptionId=9c2781262c8, topicName=肝病研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=346311, createdName=bnjfy, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 08:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1810017, encodeId=8151181001e77, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70f484349b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84349, encryptionId=70f484349b5, topicName=脂肪性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c49e75, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 08:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1653967, encodeId=08a1165396ec6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1e1584351b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪性肝病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84351, encryptionId=1e1584351b2, topicName=脂肪性肝病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Tue Dec 29 11:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19487, encodeId=0dcf1948e3f, content=嗯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 09:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19486, encodeId=c9181948651, content=很不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/28/a28e8ea268716dfc601012321847bccf.jpg, createdBy=e21a1620364, createdName=清氺訫, createdTime=Sun Apr 05 09:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380477, encodeId=791c13804e780, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Fri Apr 03 00:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-05 清氺訫

    0

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    2015-04-05 清氺訫

    很不错

    0

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