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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol:识别英格兰体重和 BMI 变化高风险的成年人——一项使用电子健康记录的纵向、大规模、基于人群的队列研究

2021-11-09 Naomii MedSci原创

成人肥胖预防政策在很大程度上没有针对性,但在全球范围内成效有限。 需要彻底转变政策,将重点放在体重增加风险最高的个人(即18-24岁的年轻人)身上,在个人和人口层面预防肥胖及其对健康和医疗保健长期后果

      成人肥胖预防政策在很大程度上没有针对性,但在全球范围内成效有限,肥胖症的高流行率预计在未来十年将大幅增加。如果能够利用国家公共卫生系统中现成的信息确定体重增加风险最高的人群,则可以通过新的有针对性的方法来补充全人口预防肥胖症的方法。当前的肥胖预防政策是根据横断面人口调查的证据制定的,从定义上讲,这些调查无法评估体重变化,并突出了中年肥胖症横截面患病率的增加。居住在社会贫困地区的人,特别是少数民族的纵向研究表明,年轻人在许多研究中,比老年人有更大的体重增加风险。

      识别体重增加高危人群的新兴数据科学机会来自纵向基于人群的电子健康记录(EHR)。如果要考虑有针对性的政策,了解成年人的年龄、性别、种族、地理区域和社会剥夺程度如何共同影响体重变化的风险,以确定体重增加风险最高的群体是至关重要的。之前的研究没有提供这样的证据。基于人口的EHR提供了体重和BMI变化的有效测量,它们具有潜在优势(与商定的队列研究相比),有足够的规模来评估几个因素的联合贡献,并提供可更新和低成本的测量。

      近日,有研究使用以人口为基础的EHR来应对长期呼吁在体重变化的背景下监测基本人口体重数据,根据社会人口学因素呈现BMI变化的个体内部1年、5年和10年的模式。目的如下:(1)测试EHR和调查方法之间1998至2016年间平均BMI变化的时间趋势的复制程度;(2)比较BMI变化在各年龄组和BMI类别中的变化幅度和分布;(3)评估年龄、性别、社会剥夺程度、种族和地理区域与BMI类别转换之间的关系; (4)制作风险计算器(在线和图表形式),显示这些风险因素如何组合在一起,以识别转换到较高BMI类别的高危人群

      在这项纵向的基于人群队列研究中,研究使用了来自英国400家初级保健诊所(通过临床实践研究数据链接)的相关EHR数据,这些数据是通过Caliber计划获得的。符合条件的参与者年龄在18-74岁之间,在全科诊所注册,并在1998年1月1日至2016年6月30日期间记录了BMI和体重测量,在此期间,他们拥有合格的关联数据,并进行了至少1年的随访。计算了BMI在1、5和10年期间的纵向变化,并调查了世卫组织定义的BMI类别(体重不足、正常体重、超重、肥胖1级和2级,以及严重肥胖[3级])之间转换的绝对风险和优势比(OR)。通过Logistic回归分析,调整基线BMI、血管疾病家族史、利尿剂的使用和流行的慢性病,评估人口因素与BMI转变的相关性。

  •  研究纳入了2092260名符合条件的个体,他们的BMI测量值超过900万。
  • 在随访1、5和10年时,年轻人年龄是体重增加的最大危险因素。
  • 与年龄最大的年龄组(65~74岁)相比,最小年龄组(18~24岁)的成年人在10岁时从正常体重转变为超重或肥胖的OR最高(4.22[95%CI 3·86~4.62]),绝对危险度最大(37%比24%)。
  • 同样,基线超重或肥胖的最年轻年龄组的成年人转变为更高BMI类别的风险也最高;从超重转变为1级和2级肥胖的OR4·60(4·06-5·22)和绝对风险(42%比18%),以及从1级和2级肥胖转变为3级肥胖的OR5·87(5·23-6·59)和绝对风险(22%比5%)。
  • 其他人口统计学因素与这些转变的关联一直较弱;例如,生活在社会贫困程度最高和最贫困地区的人从正常体重转变为超重或肥胖的OR为1.23(1.18-1.27),男性和女性的OR为1.12(1.08-1.16),黑人和白人的OR为1.13(1.04-1.24)。
  • 研究提供了一个开放访问的在线风险计算器,并提供了1年、5年和10年随访期间的高分辨率肥胖风险图表。

      需要彻底转变政策,将重点放在体重增加风险最高的个人(即18-24岁的年轻人)身上,在个人和人口层面预防肥胖及其对健康和医疗保健的长期后果。

文献来源:https://pubmed.80599.net/34481555/

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    2022-03-26 ylz8403
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    2022-02-28 howi
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    2021-11-09 ms3000001187980190

    学习

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