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医联体不是大医院“跑马圈地”双向转诊才是关键

2017-07-17 王小蒙 王小蒙

通过医联体建设促进分级诊疗,以实现专家在动、病人不动,让市民能在当地享受到省城专家的医疗服务,才是其应有之义。


以前一年不过5例,现在半年转下13例

3个月大的晶晶(化名)是一名先天性巨结肠患者,5月初在山东大学齐鲁儿童医院做了手术后,出现了最常见的术后并发症结肠炎,持续发烧不退。医生告诉他们,也可以转回当地医院继续治疗。

"转回去离家近也方便,报销比例还高。"晶晶父亲魏先生说,夫妻俩陪着小宝来济南做手术,家里大宝却没人照顾,转回当地两头就都能顾上了。五月中旬,晶晶转入老家东昌府妇幼保健院,住院治疗一周后终于康复出院。魏先生算了一下,转回来治疗大概省了一千多元。

将危急、疑难重症病人转到上级医院,将急性病恢复期患者、术后恢复期患者及危重症稳定期患者及时转诊至下级医疗机构,是双向转诊的应有之义。但是长期以来,不少地方医院都面临转得上去,转不下来的尴尬。

而医联体的建设引导医疗资源进一步下沉,促进双向转诊,也能让更多的病人转得下来。"复杂手术和疑难病例转诊到齐鲁儿童医疗集团,处于术后康复或稳定期的病人转回当地治疗。"东昌府妇幼保健小儿外科主任冯书龙介绍,科室去年与齐鲁儿童医疗集团合作,构建了完善的双向转诊制度,双向转诊的病人也越来越多。

仅在今年上半年,东昌府妇幼保健院小儿外科就实现向集团转诊26例,转回本院13例。而在合作以前,转诊回到本院的患者,一年也不超过5例。"以前患者不知道往哪儿转,也不信任地方医院。"冯书龙坦言,过去经常向上转诊,但主动要求转回来的病人往往屈指可数。

"如果地方上医疗水平有限,即使病人转回去,当地也接不住。"山东省立医院对外合作与医务社会工作处处长宋开兰说,只有真正提高当地的诊疗水平,才能让患者愿意转下去。

大医院不能借医联体"跑马圈地"

"如果医联体建设运作得当,也将形成多方共赢局面。"据山东省千佛山医院对外合作管理办公室主任张国凤介绍,对本院来说,通过医联体可以扩大医院影响力。而参与其中的医生也能借此提高知名度,增加接诊量,并有利于自身技术水平的提高。

省千佛山医院乳腺甲状腺外科医生陈守华对此感受颇深,"在基层医院能看到不少第一手病例,对我来说也是个提升。"他所在的科室对口帮扶齐河县妇幼保健院,他发现虽然当地具备了一定的手术技巧,但长期以来却没有开展乳腺手术。今年陈守华带领齐河妇保院妇科,开展了一例乳腺手术,指导当地形成处理流程的规范化,慢慢地,类似手术也能放在地方医院进行了。

据张国凤介绍,自医联体战略实施以来,省千佛山医院内三、四级手术比重提升了近40个百分点,正是体现了分级诊疗对大医院的要求。

"医联体建设不应简单地教会基层医院如何打鱼,而是教会怎样织网。"山大齐鲁儿童医院改革办主任王兆壮说,在对合作医院进行医生规范化培训,提高医务人员诊疗技术水平的同时,更加注重医院管理人员培训,帮助合作医院进行学科建设,"授之以渔"才能真正促进基层医院发展。

"建设医联体目的不是'跑马圈地',把病人都虹吸到大医院来。"山东大学齐鲁儿童医院院长盖中涛认为,通过医联体建设促进分级诊疗,以实现专家在动、病人不动,让市民能在当地享受到省城专家的医疗服务,才是其应有之义。

不能光靠政府来搞"拉郎配"

山东省医院协会原秘书长王秀华认为,推进医联体建设只是一种手段,目的在于疏导优质医疗资源上下贯通进而形成健康有序的分级诊疗秩序。"只有当优质医疗资源真正下沉,进而形成供需双方的有效对接后,健康有序的分级诊疗秩序方能自然而然地形成。"

而优质医疗资源的下沉,需要市场之手和政府之手同时发力。"在当前阶段,更应注重通过发挥市场在医疗资源配置中的关键性导向作用,来吸引优质医疗资源的下沉。"王秀华说,农村日益"空壳化"的现实,和各地经济发展不平衡等因素,均导致群众医疗保健需求的多样化,因此医联体的建设"不能一个方子治百病"。同时,更不能仅靠"政府之手"来"拉郎配"。

"要想推行分级诊疗,光靠行政命令限制患者就诊,或'驱赶'医疗资源下沉,都无法解决根本问题。"山东省千佛山医院院长孙洪军认为,让医院自由探索医联体建设,政策引导医院之间自由结合,同时大医院还要注重输出医疗技术和管理理念等,才能真正提高基层服务能力。

"规范医保支付方式,引导建立完善的分级诊疗体系成为医联体能否有效运作的关键因素。"对此张国凤建议,建立完善医保基金调控机制,使医联体内符合规定的双向转诊病人,在统筹地区内可按"院内转科"政策简化医保转诊、报销手续,双向转诊起付线可连续计算。

同时王秀华认为,医联体不应成为捆住患者用脚投票自由的绳索。"如果画地为牢、围追堵截,将医联体'联'到控制患者就医选择范围方向去,且运用不同的报销比例,作为压力点来挤压患者自由就医的正当权利,那么这种所谓医联体也就彻底变味了。"

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    2018-03-20 zhangph
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    2018-04-29 kalseyzl
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    2017-07-17 雅文博武

    学到很多先进的医学知识讲座

    0

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