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Stroke:穿支动脉粥样硬化病的双抗联合阿加曲班治疗

2022-02-19 杨中华 “脑血管病及重症文献导读”公众号



穿支动脉粥样硬化性疾病(Branch atherosclerotic disease,BAD)主要是由动脉粥样硬化斑块堵塞大口径穿通动脉的管口引起的(《穿支动脉粥样硬化病中国专家共识》的诊断标准请参考下面的附录)。尽管使用了抗血小板药物和溶栓治疗,早期神经功能恶化(Early neurological deterioration,END)在BAD相关卒中中很常见,最终导致不良的功能结局。最近的研究表明,阿加曲班联合抗血小板药物治疗缺血性卒中的安全性和有效性。阿加曲班联合抗血小板药物是否能预防BAD患者的END尚不清楚。

2022年1月来自成都第二人民医院的Jian Wang等在Stroke上公布了他们的研究结果,旨在探讨双重抗血小板治疗(DAPT)联合阿加曲班在预防BAD患者END中的安全性和有效性

该研究为非随机、观察性研究,回顾性纳入了在发病48小时内单独使用DAPT或DAPT联合阿加曲班治疗的BAD患者。下图显示了两组的详细干预措施。END被定义为入院后48h内NIHSS评分增加≥2分。不良功能结局被定义为3个月时mRS评分≥2。安全性定义为任何出血事件的发生率。

从2018年1月到2020年12月,共纳入80例BAD患者(DAPT组55例;DAPT联合阿加曲班组25例)。两组之间的结果如上图所示。DAPT加阿加曲班组和DAPT组END发生率分别为4%(1/25)和34.5%(19/55)(P=0.004)。两组3个月时功能结局不良的比例分别为4.0%(1/25)和38.2%(21/55)(P=0.001)。调整混杂因素(年龄、NIHSS评分和高密度脂蛋白)后,多变量回归分析显示接受DAPT联合阿加曲班治疗的患者与对照组患者相比,END发生率更低(P=0.006),功能结局更好(P=0.005)。DAPT联合阿加曲班组未观察到出血,而DAPT组出现3例轻度胃肠道出血(P=0.234)。

最终作者认为,这项回顾性研究显示,与接受DAPT的BAD患者相比,接受DAPT联合阿加曲班治疗患者取得了更好的疗效和更好的功能结局。进一步的随机试验是值得的。研究者正在进行一项多中心随机对照试验

附录(来自于网络):

《穿支动脉粥样硬化病中国专家共识》提出BAD主要发病机制有4种:①载体动脉的粥样硬化斑块阻塞穿支动脉的开口,引起BAD的机制是大动脉粥样硬化;②载体动脉的粥样硬化斑块延伸至穿支动脉开口致血管闭塞,引起BAD的斑块位于责任大动脉和穿支动脉的交界处;③穿支动脉开口处的动脉粥样硬化斑块致血管闭塞;④穿支动脉开口处的不稳定斑块脱落致血管闭塞(下图)。

根据临床表现,可将BAD分为以下3种形式,①刻板的TIA:典型代表有内囊预警综合征和脑桥预警综合征。②急性腔隙性脑梗死:临床表现类似于小血管病所导致的经典腔隙综合征。③早期神经功能恶化(early neurological deterioration,END):表现为急性期出现脑梗死症状,随后出现神经功能恶化,病情进行性加重,甚至出现偏侧肢体全瘫。

该共识基于供血区域提出了BAD的诊断标准,进一步规范了临床工作中对BAD的诊断。LSA区域缺血性卒中:①符合急性缺血性卒中的诊断标准;②DWI显示相应供血区的梗死灶在水平位累及3个层面及以上;③LSA供血区域为大部分壳核、苍白球外侧部、尾状核头部和体部、内囊前肢、内囊上部和脑室周围的放射冠。PPA区域缺血性卒中:DWI显示梗死灶与脑桥腹侧的脑表面相连,病灶靠近中线、位于一侧且不超过中线。排除标准:①影像学提示责任大血管狭窄≥50%;②影像学提示颅内大动脉、颈外动脉及椎动脉存在可引起动脉-动脉栓塞的不稳定斑块;③DWI显示存在皮层梗死、分水岭梗死及多发脑梗死;④其他明确病因引起的脑梗死,如免疫或感染性血管炎、心源性脑栓塞、脂肪栓塞、血小板和凝血功能异常等。

原始出处:

Jinghan Xu, Xuejun Xu, Huazedan Wang, et al. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Plus Argatroban Prevents Early Neurological Deterioration in Branch Atherosclerosis Disease. Stroke. 2022 Jan;53(1):e19-e20. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.036356. Epub 2021 Nov 17.

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    2022-04-11 yahu
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