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GGT升高,不一定是喝酒惹的祸!

2018-02-03 石军 检验医学网

经常有患者查体出现单项谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)升高,这些患者除了其他肝功能指标正常以外,肝脏的影像学、常见的病毒学检查(甲、乙、丙、戊)、损肝药物、酒精因素等均无阳性发现,病人本身也没有明显的不适感觉,这些“患者”的GGT水平往往都不是很高,有些超过100,有些则波动在100以内,但却给他们造成很大的思想负担,那么临床上出现这种情况的可能原因有那些呢?


作者: 山东省立医院  石军 

经常有患者查体出现单项谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)升高,这些患者除了其他肝功能指标正常以外,肝脏的影像学、常见的病毒学检查(甲、乙、丙、戊)、损肝药物、酒精因素等均无阳性发现,病人本身也没有明显的不适感觉,这些“患者”的GGT水平往往都不是很高,有些超过100,有些则波动在100以内,但却给他们造成很大的思想负担,那么临床上出现这种情况的可能原因有那些呢?

单纯谷氨酰转肽酶升高不太常见,但确实存在。在男性,人们往往误以为饮酒所致,但其实不然。

谷氨酰转肽酶升高不仅来源于肝细胞同时还来来源于胆管。有时它的升高是因为合成增加(如酒精和药物诱导);有时是因为细胞膜损害(炎症、坏死、缺血);有时是因为胆汁淤积,通过表面活性胆酸的清除作用释放与膜结合的谷氨酰转肽酶。同时应该了解的是所有含此酶的器官都是GGT升高的原因(如肝脏、胆道、肾脏、附睾、胰腺、心脏、肺脏、食管、小肠、骨髓、脑、唾液腺、汗腺、毛囊、鼻等),当然,最主要的原因还是肝脏。

引起单项GGT升高最常见的原因有:

1、胆汁淤积性肝病,如原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)、有些药物诱发的淤胆型肝炎等,但此类疾病GGT升高的同时多同时伴有碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的升高,转氨酶往往较低。

2、脂肪肝,包括酒精和非酒精性脂肪肝,酒精引起的GGT升高有时需要戒酒一年以上才能恢复正常。

3、肝恶性疾病,肝细胞癌时癌细胞合成的GGT-II是GGT升高的主要原因,但往往也同时伴有碱性磷酸酶的升高,有时这两个指标比甲胎蛋白(AFP)特异性更高。

4、药物,多种药物都可以列为怀疑对象,如抗惊厥药、甲状腺合成抑制药、雌激素、糖皮质激素、苯二氮卓类镇静药(如安定)、ACE类抗高血压药、红霉素、抗心律失常药等。另外,别嘌呤醇、抗风湿药、某些抗生素、抑制胃酸分泌的H2-拮抗剂、三环抗抑郁药、肝素、钙拮抗剂、甚至于维生素A等都可引起GGT升高,但常常同时伴有转氨酶的升高。

5、其他器官损害,除了肝内和胆管上皮,肾内、特别是近曲小管、胰腺的中心腺泡细胞、心肌、支气管上皮内,甚至食管扁平上皮、十二指肠肌肉等器官也可见。

另外,很多患者由于各种原因导致的肝损害经过保肝、降酶药物治疗后,一般转氨酶水平先行恢复,而GGT往往恢复得较慢,甚至于个别患者治疗早期GGT还会升高,这就造成了在相当长的一段时间内存在GGT单项升高的情况。因此,仔细追查病史、放宽思路有助于明确病因。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1763354, encodeId=54cc1e633543e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b190e99445' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GGT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7994, encryptionId=b190e99445, topicName=GGT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fa3237493049, createdName=ms4964546379600229, createdTime=Fri Mar 30 17:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285922, encodeId=f3f9285922e5, content=原来如此., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er8sYHCPqtn0aUWywsfKibdCUbJOTrGuwSt8ryEbSChJ7SXJvDCzUR91FVEicCFW0PClAs1vYDiajqYw/132, createdBy=6f5c2263960, createdName=Blank_, createdTime=Wed Feb 07 12:02:07 CST 2018, time=2018-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519817, encodeId=3a4a151981e2f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=506b401e129' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喝酒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40171, encryptionId=506b401e129, topicName=喝酒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc8811296196, createdName=ymljack, createdTime=Mon Feb 05 03:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=284752, encodeId=7c8d284e52c7, content=^_^^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Sat Feb 03 13:00:29 CST 2018, time=2018-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-07 Blank_

    原来如此.

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1763354, encodeId=54cc1e633543e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b190e99445' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GGT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7994, encryptionId=b190e99445, topicName=GGT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fa3237493049, createdName=ms4964546379600229, createdTime=Fri Mar 30 17:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285922, encodeId=f3f9285922e5, content=原来如此., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er8sYHCPqtn0aUWywsfKibdCUbJOTrGuwSt8ryEbSChJ7SXJvDCzUR91FVEicCFW0PClAs1vYDiajqYw/132, createdBy=6f5c2263960, createdName=Blank_, createdTime=Wed Feb 07 12:02:07 CST 2018, time=2018-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519817, encodeId=3a4a151981e2f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=506b401e129' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喝酒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40171, encryptionId=506b401e129, topicName=喝酒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc8811296196, createdName=ymljack, createdTime=Mon Feb 05 03:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=284752, encodeId=7c8d284e52c7, content=^_^^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Sat Feb 03 13:00:29 CST 2018, time=2018-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-05 ymljack
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1763354, encodeId=54cc1e633543e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b190e99445' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GGT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7994, encryptionId=b190e99445, topicName=GGT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fa3237493049, createdName=ms4964546379600229, createdTime=Fri Mar 30 17:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285922, encodeId=f3f9285922e5, content=原来如此., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er8sYHCPqtn0aUWywsfKibdCUbJOTrGuwSt8ryEbSChJ7SXJvDCzUR91FVEicCFW0PClAs1vYDiajqYw/132, createdBy=6f5c2263960, createdName=Blank_, createdTime=Wed Feb 07 12:02:07 CST 2018, time=2018-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519817, encodeId=3a4a151981e2f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=506b401e129' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#喝酒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40171, encryptionId=506b401e129, topicName=喝酒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cc8811296196, createdName=ymljack, createdTime=Mon Feb 05 03:05:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=284752, encodeId=7c8d284e52c7, content=^_^^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Sat Feb 03 13:00:29 CST 2018, time=2018-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-03 wqkm

    ^_^^_^^_^^_^

    0

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