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Lancet:全球烟民达10亿,年死亡640万人,中国占1/4,因吸烟死亡近三成

2017-05-08 卢芳 中国循环杂志

吸烟是个老大难问题了。近期,Lancet上一项对2015年全球疾病负担相关数据进行的分析结果显示,2015年全球烟民已达9.33亿,其中每日有吸烟习惯的在男士每4位中就有1位;在女士,每20位就有1位。

吸烟是个老大难问题了。近期,Lancet上一项对2015年全球疾病负担相关数据进行的分析结果显示,2015年全球烟民已达9.33亿,其中每日有吸烟习惯的在男士每4位中就有1位;在女士,每20位就有1位。

而中国在吸烟问题上,更是颇引人发忧:不论男女,均进入全球烟民人数最多的前三。

其中,全球男性烟民最多的三个国家为中国、印度和马来西亚,分别有2.54亿、9000万和5000万;女性烟民最多的三个国家为美国、中国和印度,分别有1700万、1400万和1350万。

作者介绍说,虽然从1990年到2015年,全球吸烟率在男性下降了28%,在女性下降了34%,但还是架不住随着全球人口增长而烟民的持续增长。

其中,25~35岁人群是吸烟重灾区。控烟还是任重道远。

吸烟对健康造成的危害也是巨大的。在2015年,吸烟促成了11%的全球死亡,有640万人,而其中多于一半的吸烟相关的死亡就发生在四个国家:中国、印度、美国和俄罗斯(图1)。中国约占全球死亡人数的28%。



图1  2015年全球吸烟促成死亡最多的前十个国家

作者还应用疾病负担的综合指标伤残调整生命年(DALY)就此进行了分析。DALY是指从发病到死亡所损失的全部健康生命年,包括伤残所指健康生命损失年(YLD)和因早死所致生命损失年(YLL)。1个DALY相当于损失1个健康生命年。

研究显示,吸烟所致DALY,有41%来自心血管病,28%来自癌症,21%来自慢性呼吸道疾病。

吸烟危害如此之大,但果决而迅速的控烟手段还是有效的,在很多国家中均可以看到公共场所禁烟、广告限制、烟草税调节等有明显效果。

“如果不果断采取措施,到2030年中低收入国家会有多于80%的烟草相关的死亡发生。”禁烟相关人士指出。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828930, encodeId=a508182893079, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Feb 26 12:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=196481, encodeId=13ce196481cd, content=现在的情况很值得关注,加大控烟力度刻不容缓, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Thu May 11 07:14:32 CST 2017, time=2017-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=196397, encodeId=ada519639e3d, content=认真学习,人必须分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Thu May 11 05:29:44 CST 2017, time=2017-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=196251, encodeId=b73d1962518c, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/1A51842815047D40BFDAA8D69AA8E519/100, createdBy=fd7f2029163, createdName=绛珠草小姐, createdTime=Wed May 10 15:09:29 CST 2017, time=2017-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195523, encodeId=770819552322, content=太令人震惊了,禁烟刻不容缓, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Mon May 08 23:47:49 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195411, encodeId=a9cd1954118f, content=健康教育很难做,政府何不禁止产烟?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuHfSLw3PzIKiaSnTBUuAtRkrrxWpibukl35iciaGtBq4LYQv4ian1tPC3IdmzWI2dZ3cDC8wUg5CnBxlJ/0, createdBy=33a51675735, createdName=jiangxianchen, createdTime=Mon May 08 13:55:31 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-26 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828930, encodeId=a508182893079, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Feb 26 12:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=196481, encodeId=13ce196481cd, content=现在的情况很值得关注,加大控烟力度刻不容缓, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Thu May 11 07:14:32 CST 2017, time=2017-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=196397, encodeId=ada519639e3d, content=认真学习,人必须分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Thu May 11 05:29:44 CST 2017, time=2017-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=196251, encodeId=b73d1962518c, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/1A51842815047D40BFDAA8D69AA8E519/100, createdBy=fd7f2029163, createdName=绛珠草小姐, createdTime=Wed May 10 15:09:29 CST 2017, time=2017-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195523, encodeId=770819552322, content=太令人震惊了,禁烟刻不容缓, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Mon May 08 23:47:49 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195411, encodeId=a9cd1954118f, content=健康教育很难做,政府何不禁止产烟?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuHfSLw3PzIKiaSnTBUuAtRkrrxWpibukl35iciaGtBq4LYQv4ian1tPC3IdmzWI2dZ3cDC8wUg5CnBxlJ/0, createdBy=33a51675735, createdName=jiangxianchen, createdTime=Mon May 08 13:55:31 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-11 清风拂面

    现在的情况很值得关注,加大控烟力度刻不容缓

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828930, encodeId=a508182893079, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Feb 26 12:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=196481, encodeId=13ce196481cd, content=现在的情况很值得关注,加大控烟力度刻不容缓, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Thu May 11 07:14:32 CST 2017, time=2017-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=196397, encodeId=ada519639e3d, content=认真学习,人必须分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Thu May 11 05:29:44 CST 2017, time=2017-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=196251, encodeId=b73d1962518c, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/1A51842815047D40BFDAA8D69AA8E519/100, createdBy=fd7f2029163, createdName=绛珠草小姐, createdTime=Wed May 10 15:09:29 CST 2017, time=2017-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195523, encodeId=770819552322, content=太令人震惊了,禁烟刻不容缓, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Mon May 08 23:47:49 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195411, encodeId=a9cd1954118f, content=健康教育很难做,政府何不禁止产烟?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuHfSLw3PzIKiaSnTBUuAtRkrrxWpibukl35iciaGtBq4LYQv4ian1tPC3IdmzWI2dZ3cDC8wUg5CnBxlJ/0, createdBy=33a51675735, createdName=jiangxianchen, createdTime=Mon May 08 13:55:31 CST 2017, time=2017-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-11 杨利洪

    认真学习,人必须分享

    0

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    2017-05-10 绛珠草小姐

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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    2017-05-08 清风拂面

    太令人震惊了,禁烟刻不容缓

    0

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    2017-05-08 jiangxianchen

    健康教育很难做,政府何不禁止产烟?

    0

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