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喝饮料伤大脑?无糖饮料还更糟?

2017-04-24 佚名 中国生物技术网

美国人一向嗜糖如命。根据美国农业部的数据,2016年,美国人消耗了1100万公吨的糖,大部分都是以含糖饮料的方式消费掉,包括运动饮料和碳酸饮料。



美国人一向嗜糖如命。根据美国农业部的数据,2016年,美国人消耗了1100万公吨的糖,大部分都是以含糖饮料的方式消费掉,包括运动饮料和碳酸饮料。

一项新研究表明,过多的糖(尤其是含糖饮料中的果糖)对大脑有害。研究人员使用弗雷明汉心脏研究(FHS)的数据发现,频繁喝含糖饮料的人更容易出现记忆变差的情况,大脑体积更小,尤其是海马体明显变小,海马体对于学习和记忆非常重要。

但是不要急着抛弃含糖饮料而转向无糖饮料,进一步的研究表明,每天喝无糖饮料的人患中风和痴呆的风险是不喝无糖饮料的人的三倍。

这两项研究分别发表在《阿兹海默症和痴呆》和《中风》期刊上,它们表明了相关性,但是没有因果关系。虽然研究人员们不建议过多喝无糖饮料或者含糖饮料,但是还需要更多的研究才能确定这些饮料是如何(或者说是否)伤害大脑的,以及潜在的心血管疾病和糖尿病会引起多大的危害。

波士顿大学医学院(MED)的神经学教授Sudha Seshadri说:“这些研究并不是最终目标,但是这些数据很有力。喝含糖饮料不好,但是使用人工甜味剂来代替糖似乎也没什么帮助。”她补充说:“也许我们应该习惯喝白开水。”

MED神经学系的研究人员Matthew Pase是这两篇论文的通讯作者。他说,过多的糖与心血管和代谢疾病有关,比如肥胖,心脏病和II型糖尿病,但是人们一直不清楚它对大脑的影响。Pase将含糖饮料研究作为研究整体糖消费的一种方式。他说:“很难测量饮食中的全部糖摄入。所以我们使用含糖饮料作为代表。”

第一项研究于2017年3月5日发表在《阿兹海默症和痴呆》期刊上,研究人员对数据进行了分析,这些数据来自于4000名弗雷明汉心脏研究的后代和第三代群体(1948年FHS研究中的受试者的第二代和第三代),包括磁共振成象(MRI)扫描和认知能力测试结果。研究人员观察了每天摄入两瓶含糖饮料(包括碳酸饮料、果汁和其他软饮料)以及每周摄入超过3瓶碳酸饮料的人。在“高摄入”组中,他们发现了多种大脑加速衰老的迹象,包括大脑体积变小,情景记忆变糟,海马体缩小,这些都是阿兹海默症的风险因素。研究人员还发现,过多摄入无糖饮料(每天至少一瓶)也与大脑体积缩小相关。

第二项研究发表在2017年4月20日的《中风》期刊上,研究人员只对来自第二代群体的数据进行了分析,重点观察受试者是否中风或者患上阿兹海默症导致的痴呆。研究人员在7年中的三个时间点对受试者的饮料摄入情况进行测量,之后对他们进行10年的监测,并在2888名超过45岁的受试者中寻找中风的情况,在1484名超过60岁的受试者中寻找痴呆的情况。他们发现,含糖饮料摄入与中风或者痴呆没有关系。然而,他们发现,每天至少喝一瓶无糖饮料的人患中风和痴呆的风险是其他人的三倍。

尽管研究人员已经将年龄、吸烟、饮食质量和其他因素考虑在内,但是仍然无法完全控制所有因素,比如糖尿病,因为在研究的过程中受试者可能会患上糖尿病,而且糖尿病是痴呆症的风险因素。糖尿病患者摄入无糖饮料更多,以此来控制糖的摄入,所以无糖饮料和痴呆症之间的关联可能是由于糖尿病,以及其他心血管风险因素。然而,已有的条件并不能完全解释这些新发现。

Pase说:“无糖饮料会造成这些结果,这令人有些惊讶。” Pase指出,虽然过去有研究表明无糖饮料与中风风险有关系,但是与痴呆症之间的关系并不为人所知。他补充说,这些研究没有区分人工甜味剂的种类,也没有考虑其他可能的人工甜味剂来源。他说,科学家们已经提出了很多关于人工甜味剂有害健康的假设,包括改变肠道细菌、影响大脑对甜味的感知等,但是我们还需要更多的工作来阐明其背后的机制。

原始出处:

1、Pase MP,Himali JJ,Jacques PF,et al.Sugary beverage intake and preclinical Alzheimer's disease in the community.Alzheimers Dement.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1554661, encodeId=3c0f1554661d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a70591102d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无糖饮料#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59110, encryptionId=4a70591102d, topicName=无糖饮料)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a23214540780, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Wed Apr 26 05:00:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190459, encodeId=cdf4190459bf, content=酱子的研究意义还是很大的,希望国内也有类似研究,毕竟国人还是喝白开水最多喽, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCclExeQ6LOGMD4dTsia4Ty4HtZCxRmG5vO5XIKfKX3a3vusfhHSej4Iib517vmhFW7RQgh7bpDp1yw/0, createdBy=50951609779, createdName=baihao215, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 10:55:10 CST 2017, time=2017-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190221, encodeId=e7bd19022191, content=还是喝白开水吧,经济实惠, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEKqgP0jv0N29NicuyyVFoic0MDF9klVzCCljwkTatfZeHrWIxzws8rJDjwrZia8XfuYjGicSbdJtUuibFw/0, createdBy=78751740159, createdName=Smile493, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 17:41:34 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190195, encodeId=3082190195da, content=所以糖不糖都不是重点, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 16:34:44 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190167, encodeId=512a19016e48, content=甜食不能吃, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7lBrMCuvxicCR3XJQhu2X3SmEzicSFDknz19Vav0ln3PHYSicIKQRIiazzcibtEchpeQNrjh2jfOYC0w/132, createdBy=eb931929187, createdName=美丽明天在等我, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 14:36:48 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190162, encodeId=e4591901620f, content=如何改善这样的情况, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLBkyaelI9ia3n9SbuKmBdaY0PqCOzd0nhRUstroXmUmXZ5EBTmibtLEvCCIpyHAqxQXGfZz49ibrwjkg/0, createdBy=39781652829, createdName=雾夜芭蕾, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 14:10:13 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-25 baihao215

    酱子的研究意义还是很大的,希望国内也有类似研究,毕竟国人还是喝白开水最多喽

    0

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    2017-04-24 Smile493

    还是喝白开水吧,经济实惠

    0

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    2017-04-24 lyh994

    所以糖不糖都不是重点

    0

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    2017-04-24 美丽明天在等我

    甜食不能吃

    0

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    2017-04-24 雾夜芭蕾

    如何改善这样的情况

    0

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