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J Neurosci :不育症的治疗希望!研究人员发现压力与不孕不育之间的调控介质

2020-12-30 王木木 生物探索

众所周知,长期或者过重的压力感知会对人类和动物的生育能力产生一些负面影响,急性应激反应可能会导致生殖延迟,而慢性应激则可能会导致长期不育。

众所周知,长期或者过重的压力感知会对人类和动物的生育能力产生一些负面影响,急性应激反应可能会导致生殖延迟,而慢性应激则可能会导致长期不育。生殖功能是由下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)激素轴调节的,下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)神经元可以调节垂体分泌黄体生成素(LH)和卵泡刺激素(FSH),进而维持最佳的生殖功能。

而应激诱导的生殖功能障碍通常与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的激活增加和糖皮质激素持续释放有关。但HPA轴的激活和糖皮质激素水平升高是如何影响GnRH神经元继而抑制LH和FSH分泌的目前仍未可知。

近日,来自新西兰奥塔哥大学的研究人员在《Journal of Neuroscience》上发表了题为RFamide-related peptide neurons modulate reproductive function and stress responses的研究成果,发现RFRP神经元是压力与不育之间的关键调节因子,其在紧张的情况下可能会通过感知糖皮质激素的升高而变得活跃,进而抑制LH的分泌,影响生殖系统。

RFamide相关肽3(RFRP-3)是RFRP神经元分泌的肽,可以抑制GnRH的活性。前期研究发现,急性束缚应激可抑制雄性小鼠的LH分泌,同时增加了RFRP神经元的活化。

而RFRP神经元中约有一半可以表达糖皮质激素受体,且肾上腺切除术阻止了束缚应激对Rfrp基因表达的影响。这表明,肾上腺糖皮质激素在应激状态下会激活RFRP神经元。由此引发一种猜测:RFRP神经元可能是压力诱导的HPG轴抑制的介体?

为了验证该猜想,研究人员首先构建并验证了一种新颖的RFRP-Cre小鼠系,然后将其与Cre依赖性神经元消融和DREADD技术结合使用,以选择性消融,刺激和抑制RFRP神经元,从而研究其在生育力和应激反应调节中的生理作用。


新型RFRP-Cre小鼠系的产生和验证

研究人员使用氯氮平-N-氧化物(CNO)急性激活试验小鼠的RFRP神经元,发现糖皮质激素释放增加了约4倍。而RFRP神经元的慢性激活引起了小鼠的生殖损伤,导致雄性小鼠的青春期延迟,雌性小鼠的发情周期延长。

RFRP-hM3Dq神经元激活延迟男性青春期发作并延长女性周期长度

使用白喉毒素使小鼠的RFRP神经元消融后,发现其对糖皮质激素浓度和小鼠的发情周期并未有任何影响。检测其在基线期、30分钟的束缚应激和应激期后的LH浓度和脉冲,发现与对照组小鼠表现出压力诱导的LH浓度和脉冲被抑制相比,RFRP消融的雌性小鼠也并未表现出任何压力诱导的LH浓度降低和脉冲抑制。


RFRP神经元消融可防止急性应激诱导的LH抑制

慢性糖皮质激素治疗能够抑制雌性小鼠的LH脉冲,研究人员发现,当使用慢性糖皮质激素处理时,与对照组相比,RFRP神经元沉默的雌性小鼠并未表现出束缚应激诱导的LH分泌和脉冲抑制。而RFRP神经元沉默的雄性小鼠却表现出与对照组相似的皮质酮诱导的LH浓度的显着抑制和脉冲频率。这也表明,下丘脑RFRP神经元作为介质抑制压力诱导的脉动性生殖激素分泌的这种作用是雌性(女性)特有的。

该研究的通讯作者Greg M. Anderson说:“对于挣扎于不育症的女性,使用阻断RFRP神经元作用的药物可能会是一种新颖的疗法。而且据我们对这些神经元的了解,这种药物不会有任何副作用。”

原始出处:

Asha Mamgain, India L Sawyer, David A M Timajo,et al.RFamide-related peptide neurons modulate reproductive function and stress responses. J Neurosci.2020 Nov 20;JN-RM-1062-20.doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1062-20.2020.

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    2021-01-01 lsndxfj
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    2020-12-30 lovetcm

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