Baidu
map

微小的纤毛功能障碍导致的疾病

2017-12-29 MedSci MedSci原创

人体许多部位都具有纤毛或类似结构,纤毛的正常功能是维护所在器官、系统以至整个人体功能的重要因素;正常的气道黏液-纤毛转运系统的功能对维护气道的防御功能有重要意义。纤毛结构广泛存在于呼吸道、中耳、输卵管、输精管、精子鞭毛,以及脑、脊髓室管膜等组织器官中,由于纤毛结构及功能异常,导致纤毛运动不良及清除功能障碍,可引起反复鼻窦炎、支气管炎、肺炎、中耳炎、宫外孕、不孕不育症及脑积水等。以下就是

人体许多部位都具有纤毛或类似结构,纤毛的正常功能是维护所在器官、系统以至整个人体功能的重要因素;正常的气道黏液-纤毛转运系统的功能对维护气道的防御功能有重要意义。纤毛结构广泛存在于呼吸道、中耳、输卵管、输精管、精子鞭毛,以及脑、脊髓室管膜等组织器官中,由于纤毛结构及功能异常,导致纤毛运动不良及清除功能障碍,可引起反复鼻窦炎、支气管炎、肺炎、中耳炎、宫外孕、不孕不育症及脑积水等。以下就是一例纤毛运动障碍导致的疾病。

病史

患者为一20岁年轻女性,患者自述3个月前无明显诱因出现咳嗽、咯痰、喘息,于当地医院行胸部CT检查,CT示右肺中叶、左肺舌叶支气管扩张并感染,诊断为“支气管扩张合并感染、双肺细支气管炎”,给予抗炎(阿奇霉素、左氧氟沙星、头孢地尼)等对症治疗后症状有所好转。

10余天前患者无明显诱因咳嗽、咯痰、喘息症状加重,于当地医院就诊。X线胸片示双肺纹理结构异常,中下肺野为著;胸部CT示双侧肺野散在分布均一的高密度小结节。考虑双肺感染、粟粒性肺结核?故行痰抗酸杆菌检查、PPD试验、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体检测等,结果均为阴性。诊断:肺部病变性质待查?为进一步诊治就诊于我院,以“喘憋待查”收入院。

查体

患者发育正常,神志清,精神可,皮肤无瘀斑瘀点及黄染。头颅正形,气管居中,巩膜无黄染,桶状胸, 肋间隙增宽, 双肺呼吸音粗, 可闻及散在哮鸣音, 右侧为著。心脏听诊心音有力,无杂音,呼吸音清,腹平软,无肌紧张,无压痛及反跳痛,未及包块。四肢无畸形,双下肢无水肿。神经查体未见明显异常。

辅助检查:

胸部CT示:两肺纹理结构异常, 肺气肿表现, 两肺弥漫性病变, 右肺中叶、左上肺舌 段、左下肺叶支气管扩张合并感染;

气管镜检查示:气管支气管黏膜充血, 较多黄黏痰, 各级支气管管腔通畅; 肺泡灌洗液标本:抗酸染色(-);

支气管壁肺活检标本:病理示黏膜慢性炎;

肺活检于左下叶外基底段行纤维支气管镜肺活检, 活检4 次, 钳取组织3 块。超 薄切片电镜下见胞浆内纤毛基体结构各异, 可见微管排列紊乱, 结构异常, 部分动力臂缺失, 上皮细胞内线粒 体肿胀, 可见淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞浸润;考虑纤毛基体结构、动力臂结构异常;

血气分析(未吸氧)pH 7 .45 , PO2 65 mm Hg , PCO2 42 mm Hg , SO2 93 %;

血常规白细胞12 .64 ×109 /L , 中性粒细胞0 .684 , 嗜酸粒细胞0 .009 ;血嗜酸粒细胞计数92/μl

其他:类风湿因子140 IU/ml、IgE 27 .6 IU/ml、血沉27 .8 mm/h

二便常规正常

简要解析:

PCD是一种从学龄前就开始威胁人体肺功能的严重疾病。早期诊断和有效治疗对于减轻PCD患者的症状,提高生活质量非常重要。

尽管人们认识PCD的临床表现已超过一个世纪,但至今仍只有很少的研究曾尝试探讨其治疗方案。

治疗PCD的药物必须能有效弥补纤毛功能的障碍,增加黏膜清除率,而目前尚无可使纤毛清除能力恢复的药物。

因此,此类疾病的治疗仍以对症为主。有呼吸道反复感染者,可用抗感染及促进痰液排除的药物治疗;病变局限有手术适应证者,可以进行手术治疗。

此类患者应注意增强体质,防止呼吸道感染,联合进行呼吸道理疗和锻炼以清除呼吸道分泌物,积极治疗鼻窦炎。有文献推荐,PCD患者应在有PCD专家的中心接受监测。进行高分辨CT检查监测患者肺部病变动态变化是必要的,但应避免次数过度频繁。很多治疗呼吸道疾病的方法,如使用高渗盐水或甘露醇等高渗物质增加呼吸道表面渗透压、规律吸入β受体激动剂、针对减少黏膜炎症或痰液产生的相关治疗等,均尚未被证实确实有效,但可以根据患者情况选择性应用。另外,肺移植也可以作为一种尝试性治疗方案。

完整病例请前往【梅斯医生】→病例库→呼吸科→“咳嗽、咯痰、喘息3月余,加重10余天

更多点评分析,趣味的学习,详情尽在梅斯医生上,您可以在这里体验模拟诊疗

下载链接:http://www.bioon.com/index_forword.asp?id=9429

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421138, encodeId=fbc614211388a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09d33294eb8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#功能障碍#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32947, encryptionId=09d33294eb8, topicName=功能障碍)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b3493649807, createdName=naiwu78, createdTime=Sun Dec 31 01:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273918, encodeId=56092e3918c9, content=不错不错.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/y1ZJaAFo7AFqm7Hn2QNVTjOpBV9mRicUEjyBqRMnLADF1oQXJGeIVCpiaY1hJVMd1C40EhFCw4LL8sCKTx8Yuvsw/132, createdBy=af0b1960284, createdName=孙文杰, createdTime=Sat Dec 30 19:51:11 CST 2017, time=2017-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273772, encodeId=2b992e3772c3, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuEJWOf8El7MfqtlSpy4eWtPl5cxmNJ4ezwbFf5vtCeh53ITyabFpFIJfKTPlzdh6ibOibVONwHUbm9/0, createdBy=a4351715107, createdName=人间可客, createdTime=Sat Dec 30 08:26:34 CST 2017, time=2017-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273517, encodeId=22222e351722, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Fri Dec 29 13:23:57 CST 2017, time=2017-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421138, encodeId=fbc614211388a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09d33294eb8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#功能障碍#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32947, encryptionId=09d33294eb8, topicName=功能障碍)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b3493649807, createdName=naiwu78, createdTime=Sun Dec 31 01:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273918, encodeId=56092e3918c9, content=不错不错.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/y1ZJaAFo7AFqm7Hn2QNVTjOpBV9mRicUEjyBqRMnLADF1oQXJGeIVCpiaY1hJVMd1C40EhFCw4LL8sCKTx8Yuvsw/132, createdBy=af0b1960284, createdName=孙文杰, createdTime=Sat Dec 30 19:51:11 CST 2017, time=2017-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273772, encodeId=2b992e3772c3, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuEJWOf8El7MfqtlSpy4eWtPl5cxmNJ4ezwbFf5vtCeh53ITyabFpFIJfKTPlzdh6ibOibVONwHUbm9/0, createdBy=a4351715107, createdName=人间可客, createdTime=Sat Dec 30 08:26:34 CST 2017, time=2017-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273517, encodeId=22222e351722, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Fri Dec 29 13:23:57 CST 2017, time=2017-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-30 孙文杰

    不错不错.学习了

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421138, encodeId=fbc614211388a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09d33294eb8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#功能障碍#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32947, encryptionId=09d33294eb8, topicName=功能障碍)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b3493649807, createdName=naiwu78, createdTime=Sun Dec 31 01:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273918, encodeId=56092e3918c9, content=不错不错.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/y1ZJaAFo7AFqm7Hn2QNVTjOpBV9mRicUEjyBqRMnLADF1oQXJGeIVCpiaY1hJVMd1C40EhFCw4LL8sCKTx8Yuvsw/132, createdBy=af0b1960284, createdName=孙文杰, createdTime=Sat Dec 30 19:51:11 CST 2017, time=2017-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273772, encodeId=2b992e3772c3, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuEJWOf8El7MfqtlSpy4eWtPl5cxmNJ4ezwbFf5vtCeh53ITyabFpFIJfKTPlzdh6ibOibVONwHUbm9/0, createdBy=a4351715107, createdName=人间可客, createdTime=Sat Dec 30 08:26:34 CST 2017, time=2017-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273517, encodeId=22222e351722, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Fri Dec 29 13:23:57 CST 2017, time=2017-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-30 人间可客

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421138, encodeId=fbc614211388a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09d33294eb8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#功能障碍#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32947, encryptionId=09d33294eb8, topicName=功能障碍)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b3493649807, createdName=naiwu78, createdTime=Sun Dec 31 01:57:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273918, encodeId=56092e3918c9, content=不错不错.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/y1ZJaAFo7AFqm7Hn2QNVTjOpBV9mRicUEjyBqRMnLADF1oQXJGeIVCpiaY1hJVMd1C40EhFCw4LL8sCKTx8Yuvsw/132, createdBy=af0b1960284, createdName=孙文杰, createdTime=Sat Dec 30 19:51:11 CST 2017, time=2017-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273772, encodeId=2b992e3772c3, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuEJWOf8El7MfqtlSpy4eWtPl5cxmNJ4ezwbFf5vtCeh53ITyabFpFIJfKTPlzdh6ibOibVONwHUbm9/0, createdBy=a4351715107, createdName=人间可客, createdTime=Sat Dec 30 08:26:34 CST 2017, time=2017-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=273517, encodeId=22222e351722, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Fri Dec 29 13:23:57 CST 2017, time=2017-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-29 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢

    0

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map