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Lancet Public Health:中国疾控中心:仅2%国人接种流感疫苗,流感死亡负担有多高

2019-11-08 佚名 医学新视点

中国每年平均有近9万例与流感相关额外的呼吸系统疾病死亡,相当于所有呼吸系统疾病死亡的8.2%。 全球范围内,流感病毒感染每年都会导致大量发病和死亡。相关的死亡负担在各地有所差异,但现有数据大多来自高收入国家。近期,由中国疾病预防控制中心冯录召教授和余宏杰教授领导的研究团队,初步统计了中国省级和全国层面流感相关死亡率,并发表在《柳叶刀》子刊The Lancet Public Health。

中国每年平均有近9万例与流感相关额外的呼吸系统疾病死亡,相当于所有呼吸系统疾病死亡的8.2%。

全球范围内,流感病毒感染每年都会导致大量发病和死亡。相关的死亡负担在各地有所差异,但现有数据大多来自高收入国家。近期,由中国疾病预防控制中心冯录召教授和余宏杰教授领导的研究团队,初步统计了中国省级和全国层面流感相关死亡率,并发表在《柳叶刀》子刊The Lancet Public Health。

研究团队基于中国疾控中心在大陆31个省/自治区/直辖市共161个疾病监测点的每周流感监测和人口死亡数据,并参照《中国统计年鉴》中的各省年度人口数据和中国每年呼吸系统疾病死亡率数据,从而估算了2010-2015年期间中国大陆与流感相关的额外的呼吸系统疾病死亡率。

研究的5年期间,中国每年平均有88,100例与流感相关额外的呼吸系统疾病死亡,相当于所有呼吸系统疾病死亡的8.2%。

60岁及以上人群受到流感的致命威胁远远高于年轻群体。在60岁以下和60岁及以上人群中,流感相关的额外的呼吸系统疾病死亡率分别平均为1.5/10万人-季和38.5/10万人-季,其中发生在流感季节的死亡分别占20%和80%。老年人群往往有更多的潜在健康问题,在感染流感病毒后,死亡风险通常更高。

在大陆不同地区,流感相关的额外的呼吸系统疾病死亡率也浮动较大,整体而言中部地区较低,东部沿海、西南和西北地区的死亡率都更高,比如江西的这一死亡率为1.7/10万人-季,上海为11.9/10万人-季。

研究团队指出,中国西部流感死亡率高,可能是由于医疗服务的缺乏,尤其是在农村地区。而东部流感死亡率高,则可能是因为人口密度高,增加了流感传播风险。比如上海和北京,不但人口众多,还有来自其他地区的大量游客、工作人员和患者,这些因素都可能增加城市的流感相关死亡负担。

在大陆东部沿海、西南和西北地区,流感相关的额外的呼吸系统疾病死亡率更高。

不同流感病毒亚型的威胁各不相同。甲型流感病毒H1N1、甲型流感病毒H3N2和乙型流感病毒每年引起的额外死亡率分别平均为1.6/10万人-季、2.6/10万人-季、2.3/10万人-季。不过需要注意的是,在不同流感季,各病毒亚型的活动度也不一样。

流感病毒活动在不同地域的差异也很大,中国北方省份以冬季流行病为主,南方省份则主要是春季和夏季流行病

研究团队指出,回顾2010-2015的监测数据可以观察到,流感与大量的额外的呼吸系统疾病死亡有关,尤其是在60岁及以上的老年人群中。季节性流感疫苗接种是预防流感的最有效干预措施。目前,中国国家免疫计划中尚不包括流感疫苗,过去15年来,流感疫苗的人口覆盖率仅逐渐增加到约2%。不过,在北京等地区,政府已经开始为老年人提供疫苗接种补助。未来仍需要优化公共卫生政策和干预措施,针对特殊人群提供针对性干预,并为更多人群提供疫苗接种、早期治疗,以减轻中国大陆流感的死亡负担。

原始出处:
Li L1, Liu Y2, Wu P1, et al.Influenza-associated excess respiratory mortality in China, 2010-15: a population-based study.Lancet Public Health. 2019;4(9):e473-e481. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30163-X.

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    2020-09-15 howi
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    2020-01-19 shizhenshan
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    2019-11-10 zutt
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针对2012年8月1日刊登在《美国临床营养杂志》上的《黄金大米中的β-胡萝卜素与油胶囊中的β-胡萝卜素对儿童补充维生素A同样有效》论文中涉及的有关问题,卫生部高度重视,要求中国疾控中心立即开展调查。中国疾控中心成立了由主要负责人牵头的专门工作组,全面、客观调查事情真相,及时回应社会关注。现将已开展的工作和目前调查进展通报如下:   一、中国疾控中心成立了专门的科学审查委员会,认真核查

中国疾控中心:对输入性寄生虫病防控有信心

随着我国对外交往、人员交流越来越频繁,输入性寄生虫病的风险逐渐显现。中国疾控中心有关专家日前回应说,对输入性寄生虫病的防控“有信心”。

中国疾控中心 13万人调查称,国人饮酒人数大幅增加,7%为有害饮酒 ,而且“烟酒不分家”,

《柳叶刀》公布了195个国家饮酒数据,中国饮酒相关死亡全球最高。研究还称,饮酒“没有安全剂量,喝一点也有害”。酒精前三位相关致死因素分别是:结核、交通事故损伤和自残自杀。在50岁以上酒精致死的人群中,酒精导致癌症引发死亡则占了很大比例。

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