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Nature:科学家发现了干预肺癌恶化的关键所在

2017-05-12 枫丹白露 来宝网

被称为腺瘤的良性肿瘤——肺腺癌是占美国肺癌病例约40%的侵袭性癌症。麻省理工学院生物学家现在确定了一种主要的转变,发生在腺瘤转移成腺癌的肺癌小鼠模型中。他们还发现阻止这种切换可以防止肿瘤变得更具攻击性。研究人员说,干扰这种转换的药物因此可用于治疗早期肺癌。

被称为腺瘤的良性肿瘤——肺腺癌是占美国肺癌病例约40%的侵袭性癌症。

麻省理工学院生物学家现在确定了一种主要的转变,发生在腺瘤转移成腺癌的肺癌小鼠模型中。他们还发现阻止这种切换可以防止肿瘤变得更具攻击性。研究人员说,干扰这种转换的药物因此可用于治疗早期肺癌

麻省理工学院院长泰勒·杰克斯(Tyler Jacks)说:“了解作为肿瘤从良性状态转变为恶性肿瘤的分子途径对于治疗具有重要意义,这些研究结果还提出了预防或干扰晚期疾病发病的方法。”

当肿瘤中的一小部分细胞开始像干细胞一样起作用,从而使它们产生无限的新型癌细胞群体时,即发生转换。

“似乎干细胞是肿瘤生长的引擎,它们具有非常强大的增殖潜力,并且产生其他癌细胞,也产生更多的干细胞,”Tuomas Tammela博士说。

肿瘤干细胞

在这项研究中,研究人员将研究集中在称为Wnt的细胞信号通路的作用上。这种途径通常仅在胚胎发育过程中开启,但它也可以在能够再生特定组织如肠内衬的成体干细胞的小群体中起作用。

Wnt途径的主要作用之一是将细胞维持在干细胞状态,所以麻省理工学院的团队怀疑Wnt可能参与早期肿瘤成为腺癌时发生的快速增殖。

研究人员在基因编程的小鼠中探索了这个问题。在这些小鼠中,他们发现Wnt信号在腺瘤中无活性,但在转化期间,约5%至10%的肿瘤细胞导致Wnt通路激活。然后,这些细胞作为新的癌细胞的无尽池。

此外,大约30%至40%的肿瘤细胞开始产生化学信号,从而产生“利基”,这是维持细胞处于干细胞样状态所必需的局部环境。

“如果你把干细胞从这个微环境中拿出来,它会迅速失去其干细胞的性质,”Tammela说。 “您有一种形成利基的细胞类型,然后您有另一种细胞类型接收利基线索,并且像干细胞一样作用。”

虽然已经发现Wnt在一些其他癌症(包括结肠癌)中驱动肿瘤形成,但该研究指出了其在肺癌和可能的其他癌症如胰腺癌中的新型作用。

“这个发现的新特点是,该途径不是一个驱动因素,而是改变癌细胞的特征,它定性地改变了癌细胞行为的方式,”Tammela说。

针对Wnt

当研究人员给小鼠一种干扰Wnt蛋白质的药物时,他们发现肿瘤停止生长,小鼠寿命增加了50%。此外,当将这些处理的肿瘤细胞植入另一动物时,它们不能产生新的肿瘤。

研究人员还分析了人肺腺癌样本,发现70%的肿瘤显示出Wnt活化,80%的肿瘤具有刺激Wnt活性的细菌环境。研究人员说,这些研究结果表明,在早期肺癌患者中测试Wnt抑制剂是值得的。

他们还在努力以更有针对性的方式提供Wnt抑制剂,以避免药物引起的一些副作用。避免副作用的另一种可能的方法可能是开发更特异性的抑制剂,其仅靶向针对在肺腺癌中有活性的Wnt蛋白质。研究人员在本研究中使用的Wnt抑制剂,目前正在临床试验中治疗其他类型的癌症,靶向针对所有19种Wnt蛋白。

原始出处:

Tuomas Tammela, et al. A Wnt-producing niche drives proliferative potential and progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature22334.Published online 10 May 2017

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    2018-02-20 liye789132251
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    2017-05-15 flysky120

    学习一下知识

    0

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    2017-05-13 luominglian113

    学习了,Wnt信号通路,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-05-12 有备才能无患

    早日应用于临床,解救痛苦中的肺癌晚期患者

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    2017-05-12 solarjin

    wnt蛋白在肿瘤领域很热门

    0

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