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Nature:科学家从原子水平上解析噬菌体感染细菌的分子机理

2016-05-20 生物谷 梅斯医学

细菌噬菌体是感染细菌的一种病毒,近日,来自瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院(EPFL)的研究人员利用先进的研究工具描述了一百万个原子“尾部”结构,细菌噬菌体可以利用尾部结构来突破细胞的表面进入到细胞内部,该研究对于理解细菌噬菌体感染细菌的机制,以及后期应用于新型细菌性疾病疗法的开发提供了新的线索和希望。

图片来源:www.phys.org

细菌噬菌体是感染细菌的一种病毒,近日,来自瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院(EPFL)的研究人员利用先进的研究工具描述了一百万个原子“尾部”结构,细菌噬菌体可以利用尾部结构来突破细胞的表面进入到细胞内部,该研究对于理解细菌噬菌体感染细菌的机制,以及后期应用于新型细菌性疾病疗法的开发提供了新的线索和希望,相关研究刊登于国际杂志Nature上。

为了感染细菌,很多细菌噬菌体都会“雇佣”尾部结构来刺穿细菌的细胞膜,从而使病毒的遗传物质进入到细菌细胞内部,噬菌体复杂的尾部结构包含有可以围绕在类似管状结构周围的收缩性鞘状结构,这些鞘状结构可以在纳米尺度拉伸形成“线圈”结构,当噬菌体吸附到细胞表面时,鞘状结构就会收缩并且驱动管状结构穿过细胞膜,而所有的过程都是由噬菌体尾部百万个原子基底结构所完成的。

如今,研究者通过进行原子细节的分析揭示了这些基底结构如何协调病毒吸附于细菌表面;噬菌体广泛存在于我们身边,比如土壤、温泉、动物肠道等,其对细菌群体的多样性有着明显的影响,比如人类肠道的微生物组;当然噬菌体也是一种科学家们进行遗传学和分子生物学研究的重要工具。

这项研究中,研究人员从原子水平上阐述了噬菌体基底结构发生变形的特殊模型,噬菌体的基底结构可以帮助控制噬菌体发现并且吸附靶向细菌的能力,同时对于噬菌体将其自身DNA注射到靶向细菌内部也非常关键。研究者指出,整个基底尾部管状复合体包含1百万个原子,其组成了15个不同蛋白质的145条链,其中大多数都可以作为研究模型。同时研究人员又从基底结构中鉴别出了分子成分的最小集合,这些成分就好象微型齿轮一样可以控制病毒尾部的活性。

最后研究者Leiman说道,本文研究对于深入理解噬菌体收缩性尾部系统的作用机制提供了新的线索,人类机体中包含有数万亿个细菌,而且人类的肠道微生物群落也是未来进行个体化疗法研究的靶点,因此基于本文的研究结果,很显然研究人员就需要理解不同细菌间的相互作用,以及噬菌体感染细菌的机理,从而为后期开发基于噬菌体技术的新型靶向疗法来治疗人类疾病提供一定帮助。

原始出处:

Nicholas M. I. Taylor,et al.Structure of the T4 baseplate and its function in triggering sheath contraction.Nature 533, 346–352 (19 May 2016) doi:10.1038/nature1797

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    2017-01-10 liye789132251
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    2016-05-21 忠诚向上

    好好学习

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