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Lancet:这9种生活方式,或可预防老年痴呆

2017-07-22 佚名 生物探索

《柳叶刀》在线发表一篇文章揭示,如果在小的时候主动规避9个关键风险,我们有望延迟甚至于预防全球1/3的老年痴呆。文章建议:确保良好的儿童教育;避免高血压、肥胖和吸烟;控制糖尿病;避免抑郁和年龄相关的听力损失;坚持运动;老年阶段保持社交活动。



这一周关于阿尔兹海默症(AD)的研究颇多,从致病机理到预防治疗,大家都致力于打赢这一场跟时间对抗的比赛。

目前,医学上并没有延缓阿尔兹海默症发展的药物和手段。但是,《柳叶刀》最新一篇题为“Dementia prevention, intervention, and care”的文章却提出了新的见解:如果在小的时候主动规避9个关键风险,我们有望延迟甚至于预防全球1/3的老年痴呆。

9大风险因素

文章依据一个老年痴呆症风险模型,预估约35%的痴呆患者与9种风险因素有关,而且这9种因素能够人为改变,从而降低AD风险。

文章中提及的9个因素,分别是:确保良好的儿童教育;避免高血压、肥胖和吸烟;控制糖尿病;避免抑郁和年龄相关的听力损失;坚持运动;老年阶段保持社交活动。

这些因素对于大脑是否保持足够的活力很重要,它们有助于大脑承受多年与阿尔兹海默症有关的损伤。相反,青少年时期未接受足够的教育、中年时期高血压和肥胖、老年时期久坐不动和社交孤立等风险因素会减弱大脑的记忆、认知能力。

总而言之,它们都与生活方式有关。

存在争议

这是一篇有争议的报告,文章作者坦言他们的结论基于统计模型而来,局限于理论。虽然一些迹象表明,少数生活方式的优化能够促进大脑健康,但是缺乏直接证据。

不过,文章作者、伦敦大学学院的精神病学教授Gill Livingston认为,对于阿尔兹海默症,预防从不嫌早。“虽然AD多发于中老年时期,但是大脑变化在20、30年前就已经开始了。” Livingston强调道。

改变生活方式真的有帮助吗?

美国北卡罗来纳州维克森林大学的认知神经科学家Laura Baker表示:“健康的身体状况有助于增加大脑健康。”对心脏有益的东西通常也有益于大脑健康。事实上,会引发心脏病、中风的高血压同样也会增加“血管性痴呆”的风险。

而且,无论是童年教育还是成年后学习一门新外语,锻炼大脑灰质区域能够让大脑变得更健康。学习得越多,大脑内神经之间的联络会越多。科学家们将其称为“认知储备”(cognitive reserve)。美国一些研究表明,相比于祖父母,接受良好教育的后代患痴呆症的风险会相对较低。

除了学习,其他因素对大脑健康的科学依据较少。研究表明,听力受损的人更容易出现记忆问题。有学者推测,这是因为听力受损会导致抑郁和社会孤立,甚至于听力受损会迫使大脑更费力地辨识声音,从而损伤其他的认知能力。但是,迄今为止,并没有关于“避免听力损伤逆转痴呆风险”的研究发表。

事实上,关于生活方式帮助对抗痴呆的最有力证据来源于一项在芬兰展开的大型随机性研究。该项目为期两年,通过调整运动、饮食、认知训练和社交活动之后,原本属于痴呆高危群体的老年人在大脑测试中取得了较高的分数。

2018启动试验,寻找证据

明年年初,美国将投入2000万美元启动一项研究,旨在检测简单的日常活动是否有助于维持中老年健康。与此同时,阿尔兹海默症领域的专家表示,一些常识性的生活建议并没有负面影响。

项目由阿尔兹海默症协会资助,将招募2500名健康但痴呆风险较高的老年人参加。他们将从运动、饮食(包含更多的五谷时蔬)、脑力游戏、郊游等促进社交的活动、血糖血压控制等方面进行测试。

原始出处:

Gill Livingston,et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. The Lancet, 2017.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1829098, encodeId=6fd118290984a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed Nov 22 20:26:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228096, encodeId=b5f122809667, content=学习了谢谢了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Jul 30 14:11:46 CST 2017, time=2017-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225126, encodeId=2b3b225126e6, content=生活方式很重要,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/16/e9fe76b8a03f249298f44ed7d5e78b3d.jpg, createdBy=1d9b2002194, createdName=痛快淋漓, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 17:37:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225120, encodeId=4a6c2251202f, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM7V1lG3lEERmrZh1ZAYgnIqsCAwFfLlOdXroVwBJqvTvw/0, createdBy=b2522082239, createdName=维维豆奶, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 17:09:14 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225105, encodeId=1147225105ba, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:47:33 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225095, encodeId=f22e225095c9, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:25:31 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225091, encodeId=5b392250914f, content=社交很重要,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4c106013, createdName=Drhzm308, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 12:34:54 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-22 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1829098, encodeId=6fd118290984a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed Nov 22 20:26:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228096, encodeId=b5f122809667, content=学习了谢谢了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Jul 30 14:11:46 CST 2017, time=2017-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225126, encodeId=2b3b225126e6, content=生活方式很重要,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/16/e9fe76b8a03f249298f44ed7d5e78b3d.jpg, createdBy=1d9b2002194, createdName=痛快淋漓, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 17:37:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225120, encodeId=4a6c2251202f, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM7V1lG3lEERmrZh1ZAYgnIqsCAwFfLlOdXroVwBJqvTvw/0, createdBy=b2522082239, createdName=维维豆奶, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 17:09:14 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225105, encodeId=1147225105ba, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:47:33 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225095, encodeId=f22e225095c9, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:25:31 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225091, encodeId=5b392250914f, content=社交很重要,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4c106013, createdName=Drhzm308, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 12:34:54 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-30 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1829098, encodeId=6fd118290984a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed Nov 22 20:26:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228096, encodeId=b5f122809667, content=学习了谢谢了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Jul 30 14:11:46 CST 2017, time=2017-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225126, encodeId=2b3b225126e6, content=生活方式很重要,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/16/e9fe76b8a03f249298f44ed7d5e78b3d.jpg, createdBy=1d9b2002194, createdName=痛快淋漓, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 17:37:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225120, encodeId=4a6c2251202f, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM7V1lG3lEERmrZh1ZAYgnIqsCAwFfLlOdXroVwBJqvTvw/0, createdBy=b2522082239, createdName=维维豆奶, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 17:09:14 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225105, encodeId=1147225105ba, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:47:33 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225095, encodeId=f22e225095c9, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:25:31 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225091, encodeId=5b392250914f, content=社交很重要,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4c106013, createdName=Drhzm308, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 12:34:54 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-22 痛快淋漓

    生活方式很重要,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-07-22 维维豆奶

    学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1829098, encodeId=6fd118290984a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed Nov 22 20:26:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228096, encodeId=b5f122809667, content=学习了谢谢了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Jul 30 14:11:46 CST 2017, time=2017-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225126, encodeId=2b3b225126e6, content=生活方式很重要,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/16/e9fe76b8a03f249298f44ed7d5e78b3d.jpg, createdBy=1d9b2002194, createdName=痛快淋漓, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 17:37:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225120, encodeId=4a6c2251202f, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM7V1lG3lEERmrZh1ZAYgnIqsCAwFfLlOdXroVwBJqvTvw/0, createdBy=b2522082239, createdName=维维豆奶, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 17:09:14 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225105, encodeId=1147225105ba, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:47:33 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225095, encodeId=f22e225095c9, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:25:31 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=225091, encodeId=5b392250914f, content=社交很重要,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4c106013, createdName=Drhzm308, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 12:34:54 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-22 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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    2017-07-22 杨利洪

    学习了分享了

    0

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    2017-07-22 Drhzm308

    社交很重要,学习了

    0

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