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Alzheimers Dement::定期检测糖尿病患者认知功能意义重大

2021-12-19 自由影像之光 MedSci原创

认知障碍与糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者的死亡率增加有关

众所周知,糖尿病与认知功能下降等不良健康结果有关。据报道,西班牙裔老年人的认知功能下降率为12.2%,而非西班牙裔白人老年人的认知功能下降率为10.3%。认知障碍是一个广泛的术语,包括记忆、学习、注意力和执行功能等领域。这些领域的下降导致无法理解或记忆指令。认知缺陷会使完成糖尿病相关的自我护理活动变得更加困难,包括坚持推荐的饮食、定期锻炼、检查足部伤口以及使胰岛素剂量与碳水化合物摄入量相匹配。已知完成糖尿病自我护理活动与糖尿病相关的结果有关,如血糖控制和血压,以及减少并发症和死亡率。除了使糖尿病管理更加困难外,认知能力下降与死亡风险增加有关。据报道,与认知能力正常的人相比,患有糖尿病和任何程度认知障碍的西班牙裔老年成年人的死亡风险增加2倍以上。

Martin Martinez等为了解美国老年西班牙裔成人糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者的死亡率与认知功能之间的关系,进行了相关研究,研究结果发表在Alzheimers Dement杂志。

该研究对健康与退休研究(1995-2014)的数据进行分析。Cox比例风险模型用于估计死亡率和认知功能之间的关系。模型按糖尿病进行分层。

该研究纳入了413名年长的美国西班牙裔成年人。糖尿病患者的完全调整模型显示轻度认知障碍(MCI;风险比[HR]: 1.61;95%置信区间[CI]: 1.06, 2.45;P = 0.025)和痴呆(HR: 2.14;95% ci: 1.25, 3.67;P = .006)死亡率高于正常认知组。完全调整后的模型显示,非糖尿病患者为轻度认知障碍(HR: 1.87;95% ci: 1.28, 2.74;P = .001)和痴呆(HR: 3.25;95% ci: 1.91, 5.55;P < .001)死亡率高于正常认知组,。

该研究发现美国西班牙裔老年人糖尿病的患病率很高,约为35.1%。无论是否患有糖尿病,认知障碍都与死亡率增加有关。然而,对于那些没有糖尿病的人来说,这种关系的强度更大。在对社会人口统计学因素、生活方式因素和合并症进行校正后,在患有和未患糖尿病的个体中,认知障碍和死亡率之间的关系仍然存在。

 这项对居住在美国的西班牙裔/拉丁裔老年人(年龄大于50岁)的研究结果发现,认知障碍与糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者的死亡率增加有关。未来的研究应侧重于了解哪些因素是西班牙裔老年人死亡率和认知障碍之间关系的驱动因素。最后,重要的是卫生保健提供者要定期评估这一老年人群的认知功能,以快速确定认知功能的下降,并做出适当的转诊和支持建议,以优化这一群体的健康结果并降低死亡率。

原文出处

Martinez M, Dawson AZ, Lu K, Walker RJ, Egede LE. Effect of cognitive impairment on risk of death in Hispanic/Latino adults over the age of 50 residing in the United States with and without diabetes: Data from the Health and Retirement Study 1995-2014. Alzheimers Dement. 2021 Dec 7. doi: 10.1002/alz.12521. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34873809.

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    2022-07-02 anminleiryan
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