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三问“韩春雨事件”:撤稿是否等同于学术造假

2017-08-04 佚名 新华社

撤稿是否等同于学术造假?国际上处理学术争议的科学途径是什么?相关调查是否会启动?记者就“韩春雨事件”的相关问题采访了权威专家。


在身陷学术争论,被质疑是否具有可重复性一年后,英国《自然--生物技术》发表了韩春雨团队的撤稿声明:“由于科研界一直无法根据我们论文提供的实验方案重复出论文图4所示的关键结果,我们决定撤回这项研究。”韩春雨称,撤稿是出于“科研记录的完整性”的主动行为,并表示“实验还需继续论证和完善”。

记者就公众关心的相关问题采访了权威专家。

焦点一:撤稿是否等同于学术造假?

按国际惯例,研究团队发表的文章结论必须是可重复的。“主动撤稿表明韩春雨团队也意识到他们文章有不能重复的问题。”美国梅奥医学中心教授楼振昆说,“能够主动撤稿需要勇气,很多重复不出的文章作者也不愿主动撤稿。实验不能重复可能有多种原因,现在还没有证据可以证明韩春雨团队是造假。一般被动撤稿是查出有造假行为。希望韩春雨团队能够公布实验原始资料和数据,研究人员可以根据实验记录一步步重复,看是否能够重复出来。”

浙江大学教授王立铭认为,撤稿是“重要一步”,让我对科学共同体有了些信心。他同时也期待下一步动作。“现在没有解决的问题是,是否存在学术不端。到底是造假还是单纯的试验错误。”

据了解,学者对于已发表的论文,在多种情况下都可以主动撤稿。例如,认为论文的证据不充分,试验数据还不能得出文中结论,或是认为数据处理不妥,暂不适合发表论文等。

一些受访者认为,撤稿不等于造假。但也有不少研究人员感到“疑惑”:如果数据真实可靠,面对如此压力,韩春雨团队为何始终都不愿公布实验记录?

中国科学院院士邵峰评论认为,韩春雨的技术在去年遭到大面积质疑后,一些业内人士其实心里都已下了结论--这是一个不可靠的研究结果。“我自己后来也仔细研究过相关知识和文献,发现NgAgo理论上就不可能具有和Cas9相同的基因编辑功能。”

几位生物学领域的资深科学家表示:“我们几位同行讨论过也认真分析过韩春雨的论文,并且在2016年7月份意识到,这应该是学术造假。”“通俗点说,就是说这个蛋白没有足够的能量去打开DNA进行剪切”“仔细阅读论文就能够知道,实验不可能成功”。

北京大学理学部主任饶毅说:“新闻的常规是很快报道事情重要进展,科学新闻的国际标准是请多个专家读论文后发表评论。但即使这样,有时也不能判断其中的问题。好在科学研究的判断还有时间的考验,以及同行的重复和验证。”

教育部教育发展研究中心高教室副主任刘承波认为,我们一方面要鼓励创新,允许试错;另一方面,要有独立思考的能力鉴别是真科研还是假科研。这必须依靠我们不断完善科研管理制度去解决,要做到“既鼓励创新,又杜绝造假”。

北京市京师律师事务所张新年律师认为:如果是故意为之,旨在沽名钓誉,就构成学术造假。但如果这种结果非其主观为之,而是属于纯粹的方法或者技术问题,则不宜认定为学术欺诈。

焦点二:国际上处理学术争议的科学途径是什么?

韩春雨从“一鸣惊人”到同行质疑纷至沓来,到撤稿,过程跌宕起伏。

那么,撤稿之后该何去何从?国际上处理学术争议的科学途径是什么?

专家们表示,国外对于学术不端和学术造假的调查都比较严格,遇到类似实验无法重复的问题,在短时间内会启动调查程序。一旦查明是学术造假的话,意味着研究者将身败名裂。论文的通讯作者必须承担主要责任,整个研究团队也须对此负责。而研究团队所在高校,作为学术诚信监管主体也应该承担一定后果。

例如,美国的政策文件对学术不端行为的界定、调查程序、各部门的职责、如何处理等都做出规定,相应的处罚包括辞退、降职、减薪、停招研究生、拒绝授予终身职教授等,并根据过错程度,数年内甚至终生不得再申请项目,也有因情节恶劣的学术造假锒铛入狱的例子。

楼振昆说,对于类似事件,国外会邀请独立调查组,没有利益冲突的第三方机构来进行调查。一经查实是学术造假,会遭到重罚,基本意味着学者的学术生涯结束。

焦点三:相关调查是否会启动?

科技部、教育部、卫生计生委、自然科学基金会、中国科协等五部门近日联合公布《肿瘤生物学》107篇论文集中被撤事件调查处理结果:“坚持眼睛向内,坚决打击学术不端”。

科技部门表示对韩春雨学术争议高度关注。

河北科技大学3日在官网称,鉴于该论文已撤稿,“学校决定启动对韩春雨该项研究成果的学术评议及相关程序”。

楼振昆认为,学校和河北省有关部门以及第三方调查组都应该组织调查。事实上,韩春雨所在的河北科技大学是这一事件的利益相关方,也许因此学校没有进行调查的动力。不少专家呼吁,相关部门应介入调查,并及时公布调查结果。

还有多位专家提出,在调查的过程中,韩春雨本人有义务在合理范围内披露他所掌握的数据和实验过程,河北科大应予积极配合。但河北科大作为利益相关方,应当适度回避,由第三方评测机构予以认定。

“科学发展是不断证伪的过程。”教育部科技发展中心主任李志民说。期刊发表不一定代表正确。只要不是恶意欺骗或机构秘密,任何研究进展都应该及时在同行中公布、讨论。

也有专家特别提出,搞科研还是要有坐“冷板凳”的精神。科学的成功是偶然,不成功才是常态,实事求是与宽容失败应并重。

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    2017-08-16 明儿

    重复不了的,不信等着瞧

    0

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    2017-08-04 Julie W

    在身陷学术争论,被质疑是否具有可重复性一年后,英国《自然--生物技术》发表了韩春雨团队的撤稿声明:“由于科研界一直无法根据我们论文提供的实验方案重复出论文图4所示的关键结果,我们决定撤回这项研究。”韩春雨称,撤稿是出于“科研记录的完整性”的主动行为,并表示“实验还需继续论证和完善”。

    0

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    2017-08-04 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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6月14日下午,科技部、教育部、卫计委、自然科学基金委和中国科协,就今年4月20日斯普林格旗下《肿瘤生物学》撤销中国学者107篇论文一事做出初步调查回应。

中国科协:撤稿事件损国家声誉 查实绝不姑息

5月25日,在国新办举办的新闻发布会上,中国科协党组书记、常务副主席尚勇谈及“施普林格撤稿事件”时表示,这次撤稿事件严重损害了中国科技界的声誉,甚至对国家声誉也造成了不良影响。查实结果之后,中国科协将依法依规严肃处理,绝不姑息、绝不护短,结果会向社会再进行公布。这也就是表明科技界对学术不端行为零容忍的态度。

撤稿107篇论文的《肿瘤生物学》被踢出SCI

今年4月被曝出107篇中国医生论文撤稿一事的期刊《肿瘤生物学》(Tumor Biology)被踢出了SCI的队伍。据科睿唯安(Clarivate Analytics)公众号消息,科睿唯安期刊评审专家团队经过仔细评估,最终决定:《肿瘤生物学》(Tumor Biology)由于不再满足Web of Science期刊收录的一贯而严格的标准,该刊自2017年7月起不再被Web of Science数据库

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