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英科学家借助AI协助研究:牙膏成分可对抗疟疾

2018-01-19 佚名 环球网

据英国路透社1月18日报道,人工智能(AI)“机器人科学家”参与的研究表明,牙膏的一种常见成分三氯生可以对抗耐药的疟疾菌株。

在《科学报告》的一项研究中,来自英国剑桥大学的科学家使用人工智能机器人对牙膏成分进行了高通量筛查,他们认为三氯生这种成分可能在两个关键阶段——肝脏和血液中阻断疟疾感染

每年约有50万人死于疟疾,他们中的绝大多数是非洲极贫地区的儿童。这种疾病可以用多种药物来治疗,但随着菌株的耐药性不断增强,一些菌株将来无药可医的风险也在增加。

剑桥大学生物化学系的史蒂夫奥利弗(SteveOliver)表示,由于上述原因,开发新药物的工作显得尤为紧迫。他与伊丽莎白比尔斯兰(ElizabethBilsland)共同负责这项研究。

疟原虫通过蚊虫叮咬转移到新宿主体内后,就会进入肝脏,在那里发育成熟并进行繁殖,随后侵入红细胞,繁殖并扩散到全身,引起发烧和其他危及生命的并发症。

一段时期以来,科学家们已经认识到,三氯生可以通过抑制依诺酰还原酶(ENR)的作用来阻断疟原虫在血液感染阶段的生长,这种酶与脂肪酸的产生有关。

在牙膏中,这一抑制过程有助于防止菌斑细菌的积累。然而在这项最新的研究中,比尔斯兰的研究小组发现,三氯生也能抑制疟原虫体内另一种完全不同的酶,即二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)。

二氢叶酸还原酶是抗疟乙胺嘧啶(antimalarialpyrimethamine)的主攻目标,疟原虫(特别是非洲地区的疟原虫)对这种药物的耐药性不断增强。剑桥研究小组的研究表明,三氯生甚至能够对耐药疟原虫体内的二氢叶酸还原酶产生抑制作用。

“机器人研究员发现三氯生能够有效对抗疟疾病原,这带给了我们希望,也许我们可以使用它开发一种新药,”研究小组负责人伊丽莎白比尔斯兰说道。“三氯生是一种安全的化合物,它能够在疟原虫生长的两个重要节点发生作用,使之很难产生耐药性。”

该研究中使用人工智能机器人科学家(绰号Eve)旨在使药物发现过程自动化并加速这一过程。为实现这一目标,机器人自行提出假设并对其进行测试来解释观测结果,借助实验室机器人进行实验,分析实验结果,更改假设,然后重复上述过程。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1743789, encodeId=e5851e43789e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7efd5545308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗疟疾#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55453, encryptionId=7efd5545308, topicName=抗疟疾)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e01d35226644, createdName=zhangying8800, createdTime=Tue Oct 23 11:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280860, encodeId=1e8628086075, content=牙膏成分的作用., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Jan 22 06:53:14 CST 2018, time=2018-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280380, encodeId=d7a928038028, content=学习学习.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jan 20 15:07:50 CST 2018, time=2018-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280138, encodeId=22a528013851, content=学习了.涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jan 19 21:07:07 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280116, encodeId=09462801162f, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 19:54:27 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-22 jyzxjiangqin

    牙膏成分的作用.

    0

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    2018-01-20 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.继续关注

    0

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    2018-01-19 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.涨知识

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1743789, encodeId=e5851e43789e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7efd5545308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗疟疾#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55453, encryptionId=7efd5545308, topicName=抗疟疾)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e01d35226644, createdName=zhangying8800, createdTime=Tue Oct 23 11:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280860, encodeId=1e8628086075, content=牙膏成分的作用., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Jan 22 06:53:14 CST 2018, time=2018-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280380, encodeId=d7a928038028, content=学习学习.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jan 20 15:07:50 CST 2018, time=2018-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280138, encodeId=22a528013851, content=学习了.涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jan 19 21:07:07 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280116, encodeId=09462801162f, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 19:54:27 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-19 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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