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中国科学家率先发现并命名人类新遗传疾病——“卵子死亡”

2019-03-28 陈静 徐英 中国新闻网

记者28日获悉,上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院辅助生殖科匡延平团队携手复旦大学生命科学学院、遗传工程国家重点实验室团队桑庆副研究员和王磊教授团队,发现了一种新的人类遗传病,并将其命名为“卵子死亡”。

记者28日获悉,上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院辅助生殖科匡延平团队携手复旦大学生命科学学院、遗传工程国家重点实验室团队桑庆副研究员和王磊教授团队,发现了一种新的人类遗传病,并将其命名为“卵子死亡”。

该研究结果扩展了对人类孟德尔疾病的认知;揭示了人类卵子及早期胚胎发育中隐藏着大量前所未知的新基因;同时,也为相关患者的遗传咨询及实现辅助生殖中的精准医学实践奠定了基础。《科学》(Science)杂志子刊《科学转化医学》(Science Translational Medicine)刚刚发表了这项研究成果。

据悉,孟德尔遗传病又称单基因病,是由一对等位基因控制的疾病或病理性状,人体中只要单个基因发生突变就足以发病的一类遗传性疾病。


导致卵子、受精及早期胚胎发育异常的致病基因。研究示意图

历时15年,研究团队发现了细胞连接蛋白家族成员PANX1存在不同的突变,并通过多个角度深入揭示了致病机制。研究表明,“卵子死亡”是一种全新的孟德尔遗传病及糖基化疾病,也是PANX家族成员异常的首个离子通道疾病。

据介绍,2003年,匡延平教授在临床试管婴儿术中发现了一个奇特的病例:患者取卵数、卵子形态及体外受精均正常,但受精第二天后,所有胚胎均出现发黑、萎缩、退化的现象。之后,匡延平又发现了一例患者,其卵子被取出后,未受精即表现为发黑、萎缩、退化。彼时,并无医学文献报道过此疾病,也无人描述过。致病原因及机制更不得而知。

2015年,匡延平团队联合复旦大学桑庆、王磊团队着手开展研究。期间,西北妇女儿童医院生殖中心的师娟子教授也发现了一例类似的家族性患者。当时,研究团队便将此疾病命名为“卵子死亡”。

据了解,PANX1在2003年被克隆, 随后的十余年间,大量研究报道其与炎症、感染、局部缺血等生理病理学过程有关,但未有关于PANX1突变引起人类疾病的报道。通过多年联合攻关,研究团队发现了PANX1存在不同的突变,明确“卵子死亡”是一种新的孟德尔遗传病。

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    2020-01-17 若水134
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    2019-03-30 zlawrance
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