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Nature:揭示在胚胎中,造血干细胞为何不产生淋巴细胞?

2018-01-25 MedSci “细胞”微信号

造血干细胞(HSC)一直被认为是所有血细胞的祖先。在我们出生后,这些多能性干细胞产生了我们的所有血细胞谱系:淋巴系细胞(lymphoid cell)、髓系细胞(myeloid)和红系细胞(erythroid cell)。血液学家们长期以来一直致力于追踪HSC在胚胎中的出现,以便希望在实验室中重建这个过程,从而提供一种治疗性血细胞来源。

造血干细胞(HSC)一直被认为是所有血细胞的祖先。在我们出生后,这些多能性干细胞产生了我们的所有血细胞谱系:淋巴系细胞(lymphoid cell)、髓系细胞(myeloid)和红系细胞(erythroid cell)。血液学家们长期以来一直致力于追踪HSC在胚胎中的出现,以便希望在实验室中重建这个过程,从而提供一种治疗性血细胞来源。

但是奇怪的是,在胚胎中,血液产生以不同的形式呈现出。出现的首批血细胞是已发生部分分化的。这些所谓的“定向祖细胞(committed progenitor)”仅产生红系细胞和髓系细胞,而不会产生淋巴系细胞,如免疫系统中的B细胞和T细胞。

如今,由美国哈佛医学院院长George Q. Daley领导的一项新的研究阐明了这一过程。Daley实验室的研究人员想要知道:大自然是否故意抑制早期胚胎发育中的血细胞多能性(blood cell multipotency)?这可能为如何恢复多能性和更容易地产生不同的血细胞类型提供线索吗?

为了测试这些想法,Daley、论文第一作者Linda Vo和他们的同事们在实验室中首先利用诱导性多能干细胞(ips细胞)---成体细胞经重编程后返回到最早的分化阶段---产生定向的髓系-红系祖细胞(myelo-erythroid progenitors)。他们随后利用短发夹RNA逐个地抑制20个不同蛋白的表达来筛选这些细胞中的抑制多能性的因子。

EZH1:血细胞产生的一种靶标?

正如这项新的研究报道的那样,这些研究人员通过筛选获得一种被称作EZH1的蛋白。当这种蛋白受到抑制时,这些定向祖细胞获得分化为B细胞和T细胞的能力。他们随后继续证实缺乏EZH1的小鼠胚胎在发育上更早地和更强健地产生HSC。

进一步的实验表明EZH1抑制参与HSC、淋巴系细胞产生和T细胞活化的基因的表达。

Daley说,“EZH1为胚胎血祖细胞的多能性如何受到抑制提供分子线索。”他领导的一个团队近期首次成功地利用ips细胞产生HSC和其他的血祖细胞。

“这些新的见解不仅有助于解释发育生物学中的一个迷人的难题,而且也将有助于我们在体外能够对HSC和T细胞群体进行改造。这接着又可能促进产生用于免疫治疗的‘现成的’T细胞。”

虽然我们如今知道多能性如何受到抑制,但是它为何受到抑制仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。Daley说,“胚胎需要红细胞来携带氧气和一些髓系细胞的功能,但是它不需要淋巴系细胞,这因为它依赖于母体的免疫系统。大自然在这里是非常吝啬的。”

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    2018-10-17 liye789132251
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    2018-01-27 ailian1202
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    2018-01-27 俅侠

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